Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Wentao Yu; Maoyu Cao; Mindong Chen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13

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Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China

Wentao Yu, Maoyu Cao, Mindong Chen

Published in American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 5 September 2022 Accepted: 19 September 2022 Published: 27 September 2022

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Abstract

Nanjing, an important city in the Yangtze River Delta region, faces serious air pollution problems, especially particulate pollution. PM_2.5 can reduce atmospheric visibility and affect climate change, as well as adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the components of PM_2.5. In order to study the component characteristics and sources of PM_2.5 in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, 191 PM_2.5 samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for water-soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The annual average mass concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC were 5.30 μg m^-3, 0.96 μg m^-3, and 3.09 μg m^-3, respectively. The variation characteristics of their seasonal abundance were basically the same, which reached the maximum in winter and the lowest in summer. Based on the ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon, we find that the air in the northern suburbs of Nanjing is affected by coal burning, exhaust emissions and biomass combustion. The annual mean mass concentration of WSI in PM_2.5 was 23.00 μg m^-3, and the order of seasonal concentration was winter > autumn > spring > summer. The WSI in PM_2.5 are mainly SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, and NH₄⁺. Through the concentration ratio of NO₃^-/SO₄^2-, we found that mobile sources were the main sources of pollution in autumn and winter, while stationary sources were the main sources of pollution in summer. Through the iterative calculation of PMF, five sources of PM_2.5 are determined, which are second generation (37.5%), traffic-related source (36.7%), combustion source (9.6%), marine source (8.5%), and industrial emissions (7.7%). In different seasons, PM_2.5 is significantly correlated with SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, and NH₄⁺, indicating that PM_2.5 mainly comes from secondary generation.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13
Page(s)	145-154
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

PM_2.5, Carbon Components, Water-Soluble Ions, Source Analysis

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APA Style

Wentao Yu, Maoyu Cao, Mindong Chen. (2022). Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 6(3), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13

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ACS Style

Wentao Yu; Maoyu Cao; Mindong Chen. Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2022, 6(3), 145-154. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13

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AMA Style

Wentao Yu, Maoyu Cao, Mindong Chen. Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2022;6(3):145-154. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13,
  author = {Wentao Yu and Maoyu Cao and Mindong Chen},
  title = {Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {145-154},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20220603.13},
  abstract = {Nanjing, an important city in the Yangtze River Delta region, faces serious air pollution problems, especially particulate pollution. PM2.5 can reduce atmospheric visibility and affect climate change, as well as adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the components of PM2.5. In order to study the component characteristics and sources of PM2.5 in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, 191 PM2.5 samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for water-soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The annual average mass concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC were 5.30 μg m-3, 0.96 μg m-3, and 3.09 μg m-3, respectively. The variation characteristics of their seasonal abundance were basically the same, which reached the maximum in winter and the lowest in summer. Based on the ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon, we find that the air in the northern suburbs of Nanjing is affected by coal burning, exhaust emissions and biomass combustion. The annual mean mass concentration of WSI in PM2.5 was 23.00 μg m-3, and the order of seasonal concentration was winter > autumn > spring > summer. The WSI in PM2.5 are mainly SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+. Through the concentration ratio of NO3-/SO42-, we found that mobile sources were the main sources of pollution in autumn and winter, while stationary sources were the main sources of pollution in summer. Through the iterative calculation of PMF, five sources of PM2.5 are determined, which are second generation (37.5%), traffic-related source (36.7%), combustion source (9.6%), marine source (8.5%), and industrial emissions (7.7%). In different seasons, PM2.5 is significantly correlated with SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+, indicating that PM2.5 mainly comes from secondary generation.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China
AU  - Wentao Yu
AU  - Maoyu Cao
AU  - Mindong Chen
Y1  - 2022/09/27
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 145
EP  - 154
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13
AB  - Nanjing, an important city in the Yangtze River Delta region, faces serious air pollution problems, especially particulate pollution. PM2.5 can reduce atmospheric visibility and affect climate change, as well as adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the components of PM2.5. In order to study the component characteristics and sources of PM2.5 in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, 191 PM2.5 samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for water-soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The annual average mass concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC were 5.30 μg m-3, 0.96 μg m-3, and 3.09 μg m-3, respectively. The variation characteristics of their seasonal abundance were basically the same, which reached the maximum in winter and the lowest in summer. Based on the ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon, we find that the air in the northern suburbs of Nanjing is affected by coal burning, exhaust emissions and biomass combustion. The annual mean mass concentration of WSI in PM2.5 was 23.00 μg m-3, and the order of seasonal concentration was winter > autumn > spring > summer. The WSI in PM2.5 are mainly SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+. Through the concentration ratio of NO3-/SO42-, we found that mobile sources were the main sources of pollution in autumn and winter, while stationary sources were the main sources of pollution in summer. Through the iterative calculation of PMF, five sources of PM2.5 are determined, which are second generation (37.5%), traffic-related source (36.7%), combustion source (9.6%), marine source (8.5%), and industrial emissions (7.7%). In different seasons, PM2.5 is significantly correlated with SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+, indicating that PM2.5 mainly comes from secondary generation.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Wentao Yu

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
Maoyu Cao

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
Mindong Chen

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China

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Wentao Yu, Maoyu Cao, Mindong Chen. (2022). Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 6(3), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13

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ACS Style

Wentao Yu; Maoyu Cao; Mindong Chen. Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2022, 6(3), 145-154. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13

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AMA Style

Wentao Yu, Maoyu Cao, Mindong Chen. Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2022;6(3):145-154. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13,
  author = {Wentao Yu and Maoyu Cao and Mindong Chen},
  title = {Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {145-154},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20220603.13},
  abstract = {Nanjing, an important city in the Yangtze River Delta region, faces serious air pollution problems, especially particulate pollution. PM2.5 can reduce atmospheric visibility and affect climate change, as well as adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the components of PM2.5. In order to study the component characteristics and sources of PM2.5 in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, 191 PM2.5 samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for water-soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The annual average mass concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC were 5.30 μg m-3, 0.96 μg m-3, and 3.09 μg m-3, respectively. The variation characteristics of their seasonal abundance were basically the same, which reached the maximum in winter and the lowest in summer. Based on the ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon, we find that the air in the northern suburbs of Nanjing is affected by coal burning, exhaust emissions and biomass combustion. The annual mean mass concentration of WSI in PM2.5 was 23.00 μg m-3, and the order of seasonal concentration was winter > autumn > spring > summer. The WSI in PM2.5 are mainly SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+. Through the concentration ratio of NO3-/SO42-, we found that mobile sources were the main sources of pollution in autumn and winter, while stationary sources were the main sources of pollution in summer. Through the iterative calculation of PMF, five sources of PM2.5 are determined, which are second generation (37.5%), traffic-related source (36.7%), combustion source (9.6%), marine source (8.5%), and industrial emissions (7.7%). In different seasons, PM2.5 is significantly correlated with SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+, indicating that PM2.5 mainly comes from secondary generation.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China
AU  - Wentao Yu
AU  - Maoyu Cao
AU  - Mindong Chen
Y1  - 2022/09/27
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 145
EP  - 154
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13
AB  - Nanjing, an important city in the Yangtze River Delta region, faces serious air pollution problems, especially particulate pollution. PM2.5 can reduce atmospheric visibility and affect climate change, as well as adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the components of PM2.5. In order to study the component characteristics and sources of PM2.5 in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, 191 PM2.5 samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for water-soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The annual average mass concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC were 5.30 μg m-3, 0.96 μg m-3, and 3.09 μg m-3, respectively. The variation characteristics of their seasonal abundance were basically the same, which reached the maximum in winter and the lowest in summer. Based on the ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon, we find that the air in the northern suburbs of Nanjing is affected by coal burning, exhaust emissions and biomass combustion. The annual mean mass concentration of WSI in PM2.5 was 23.00 μg m-3, and the order of seasonal concentration was winter > autumn > spring > summer. The WSI in PM2.5 are mainly SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+. Through the concentration ratio of NO3-/SO42-, we found that mobile sources were the main sources of pollution in autumn and winter, while stationary sources were the main sources of pollution in summer. Through the iterative calculation of PMF, five sources of PM2.5 are determined, which are second generation (37.5%), traffic-related source (36.7%), combustion source (9.6%), marine source (8.5%), and industrial emissions (7.7%). In different seasons, PM2.5 is significantly correlated with SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+, indicating that PM2.5 mainly comes from secondary generation.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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