Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and lethal cancers worldwide. It is the resultant of multistep processes caused by the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic aberrations. The different therapeutic strategies like radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, used individually or in different combinations, do not remove tumors or their progression all the time. Besides, these procedures involve surrounding cells and tissues. In case of surgery, which is possible only before metastasis, even a single cancer cell left out during surgery, cause further cancer. Focus has been laid in developing agents that could specifically target the cancer cells and leave out the remaining normal cells. This also attempt at total recovery. This was how the focus was laid on viral agents. Over the last two decades, due to various advancements in molecular biology, virotherapy has seen various developments. A special class of viruses called oncolytic viruses have been used as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. These agents have various inherent and engineered factors like enhanced tissue tropism, thereby providing high selectivity; armed with transgenes to deliver therapeutic genes and to perform tumor selective replication, all these factors proving them improved and evolved mechanisms, when compared with other cancer therapeutics. These oncolytic viruses provide greater protection in association with herbal remedies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed account of some of the current observations, developments and insights made in the field of oncolytic virotherapy for targeting colorectal cancer cells. A panel of five oncolytic viruses i.e. adenovirus, herpes virus, reovirus, vaccinia virus and new castle disease virus that are under clinical studies for targeting colorectal cancer cells have been discussed.
| Published in | Cancer Research Journal (Volume 3, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13 |
| Page(s) | 76-93 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Oncolytic Virus; Colorectal Cancer, Oncolytic Virotherapy, Oncolysis, Targeted Therapy, Adenovirus, CRAds, Herpes Simplex Virus, Reovirus, Vaccinia Virus, New Castle Disease Virus, Immunostimulatory Response
| [1] | Khalek, F. J. A., Gallicano, G. I., & Mishra, L. (2010). Colon cancer stem cells. Gastrointestinal cancer research: GCR, (Suppl 1), S16.Greaves, L. C., Preston, |
| [2] | Greaves, L. C., Preston, S. L., Tadrous, P. J., Taylor, R. W., Barron, M. J., Oukrif, D., ... & McDonald, S. A. (2006). Mitochondrial DNA mutations are established in human colonic stem cells, and mutated clones expand by crypt fission. Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences of the United States of America, 103(3), 714-719. |
| [3] | Ricci-Vitiani, L., Fabrizi, E., Palio, E., & De Maria, R. (2009). Colon cancer stem cells. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 87(11), 1097-1104. |
| [4] | Colorectal Cancer Estimated Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012, globocan.iarc.fr. |
| [5] | Sheiness, D. I. A. N. A., Fanshier, L. O. I. S., & Bishop, J. M. (1978). Identification of nucleotide sequences which may encode the oncogenic capacity of avian retrovirus MC29. Journal of virology, 28(2), 600-610. |
| [6] | Varmus, H. E. (1985). Alfred P. Sloan prize. Viruses, genes, and cancer. I. The discovery of cellular oncogenes and their role in neoplasia. Cancer, 55(10), 2324-2328. |
| [7] | Bast, R. C., Kufe, D. W., Pollock, R. E., Weichselbaum, R. R., Holland, J. F., & Frei, E. (2000). Holland-frei cancer medicine. |
| [8] | Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. 2002. Colorectal tumors. In Vogelstein, B., and Kinzler, K. W., eds., The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer (2nd edition)., pp. 583–612. McGraw-Hill, New York.). |
| [9] | Feinberg, A. P., Ohlsson, R., & Henikoff, S. (2006). The epigenetic progenitor origin of human cancer. Nature reviews genetics, 7(1), 21-33. |
| [10] | Visvader, J. E. (2011). Cells of origin in cancer. Nature, 469(7330), 314-322 |
| [11] | Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2011). Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. cell, 144(5), 646-674. |
| [12] | Constant, S., Mas, C., Wiszniewski, L., & Huang, S. (2013). Colon Cancer: Current Treatments and Preclinical Models for the Discovery and Development of New Therapies. INTECH Open Access Publisher. |
| [13] | Bernier, J., Hall, E. J., & Giaccia, A. (2004). Radiation oncology: a century of achievements. Nature Reviews Cancer, 4(9), 737-747. |
| [14] | Kelly, E., & Russell, S. J. (2007). History of oncolytic viruses: genesis to genetic engineering. Molecular Therapy, 15(4), 651-659. |
| [15] | www.cancer.org, Accessed on 12th, February 2015 |
| [16] | C. Levaditi, S. Nicolau, (1923) “Vaccine et néoplasmes,” Ann Inst Pasteur, 37:443-47 |
| [17] | Smith, R. R., Huebner, R. J., Rowe, W. P., Schatten, W. E., & Thomas, L. B. (1956). Studies on the use of viruses in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer, 9(6), 1211-1218. |
| [18] | Asada, T. (1974). Treatment of human cancer with mumps virus. Cancer, 34(6), 1907-1928. |
| [19] | Alemany, R., Balague, C., & Curiel, D. T. (2000). Replicative adenoviruses for cancer therapy. Nature biotechnology, 18(7), 723-727. |
| [20] | Liu, T. C., Galanis, E., & Kirn, D. (2007). Clinical trial results with oncolytic virotherapy: a century of promise, a decade of progress. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology, 4(2), 101-117. |
| [21] | Ma, G., Shimada, H., Hiroshima, K., Tada, Y., Suzuki, N., & Tagawa, M. (2008). Gene medicine for cancer treatment: commercially available medicine and accumulated clinical data in China. Drug design, development and therapy,2, 115. |
| [22] | Vähä-Koskela, M. J., Heikkilä, J. E., & Hinkkanen, A. E. (2007). Oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy. Cancer letters, 254(2), 178-216. |
| [23] | Russell, S. J., Peng, K. W., & Bell, J. C. (2012). Oncolytic virotherapy. Nature biotechnology, 30(7), 658-670. |
| [24] | Russell, S. J., & Peng, K. W. (2007). Viruses as anticancer drugs. Trends in pharmacological sciences, 28(7), 326-333. |
| [25] | Novella, I. S., Gilbertson, D. L., Borrego, B., Domingo, E., & Holland, J. J. (2005). Adaptability costs in immune escape variants of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virus research, 107(1), 27-34. |
| [26] | Snook, A. E., Magee, M. S., & Waldman, S. A. (2011). GUCY2C-targeted cancer immunotherapy: past, present and future. Immunologic research, 51(2-3), 161-169. |
| [27] | Schulz, S., Hyslop, T., Haaf, J., Bonaccorso, C., Nielsen, K., Witek, M. E., ... & Waldman, S. A. (2006). A validated quantitative assay to detect occult micrometastases by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of guanylyl cyclase C in patients with colorectal cancer. Clinical cancer research,12(15), 4545-4552. |
| [28] | Xiang, B., Snook, A. E., Magee, M. S., & Waldman, S. A. (2013). Colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Discovery medicine, 15(84), 301. |
| [29] | Knijn, N., Mekenkamp, L. J. M., Klomp, M., Vink-Börger, M. E., Tol, J., Teerenstra, S., ... & Nagtegaal, I. D. (2011). KRAS mutation analysis: a comparison between primary tumours and matched liver metastases in 305 colorectal cancer patients. British journal of cancer, 104(6), 1020-1026. |
| [30] | Makrodouli, E., Oikonomou, E., Koc, M., Andera, L., Sasazuki, T., Shirasawa, S., & Pintzas, A. (2011). BRAF and RAS oncogenes regulate Rho GTPase pathways to mediate migration and invasion properties in human colon cancer cells: a comparative study. Mol Cancer, 10(1), 118 |
| [31] | Duffy, M. J., Van Dalen, A., Haglund, C., Hansson, L., Holinski-Feder, E., Klapdor, R., ... & Topolcan, O. (2007). Tumour markers in colorectal cancer: European Group on Tumour Markers (EGTM) guidelines for clinical use. European journal of cancer, 43(9), 1348-1360. |
| [32] | Shenk, (2001)“Adenoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication,” in Fields Virology, Vol. 2, Fourth Edition, Knipe, ea., Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, pp. 2265-2267 |
| [33] | http://www.nlv.ch accessed on 27th Jan, 2015 |
| [34] | Patel, M. R., & Kratzke, R. A. (2013). Oncolytic virus therapy for cancer: the first wave of translational clinical trials. Translational Research, 161(4), 355-364. |
| [35] | Rowan, K. (2010). Oncolytic viruses move forward in clinical trials. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 102(9), 590-595. |
| [36] | Snook, A. E., Huang, L., Schulz, S., Eisenlohr, L. C., & Waldman, S. A. (2008). Cytokine Adjuvanation of Therapeutic Anti-tumor Immunity Targeted to Cancer Mucosa Antigens. Clinical and translational science, 1(3), 263-264. |
| [37] | Yang, Z. R., et al. (2007). Recent developments in the use of adenoviruses and immunotoxins in cancer gene therapy. Cancer gene therapy 14.7: 599-615. |
| [38] | Khuri, F. R., Nemunaitis, J., Ganly, I., Arseneau, J., Tannock, I. F., Romel, L., ... & Kirn, D. H. (2000). A controlled trial of intratumoral ONYX-015, a selectively-replicating adenovirus, in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. Nature medicine,6(8), 879-885. |
| [39] | Heise, C., Sampson-Johannes, A., Williams, A., Mccormick, F., Von Hoff, D. D., & Kirn, D. H. (1997). ONYX-015, an E1B gene-attenuated adenovirus, causes tumor-specific cytolysis and antitumoral efficacy that can be augmented by standard chemotherapeutic agents. Nature medicine, 3(6), 639-645. |
| [40] | Kuhn, I., Harden, P., Bauzon, M., & Hermiston, T. (2005). 319. ColoAd1, a Chimeric Ad11p/Ad3 Oncolytic Virus for the Treatment of Colon Cancer.Molecular Therapy, 11, S124-S124. |
| [41] | Kuhn, I., Harden, P., Bauzon, M., Chartier, C., Nye, J., Thorne, S., ... & Hermiston, T. W. (2008). Directed evolution generates a novel oncolytic virus for the treatment of colon cancer. PLoS One, 3(6), e2409. |
| [42] | Champion, B. R., Kodialbail, P., Illingworth, S., Rasiah, N., Cochrane, D., Beadle, J., ... & Brown, A. C. (2014). " Arming" the chimeric oncolytic adenovirus enadenotucirev to deliver checkpoint inhibitors and other therapeutics directly to tumours. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2(Suppl 3), P46. |
| [43] | Arvin, A., Campadelli-Fiume, G., Mocarski, E., Moore, P. S., Roizman, B., Whitley, R., & Yamanishi, K. (Eds.). (2007). Human herpesviruses: biology, therapy, and immunoprophylaxis. Cambridge University Press. |
| [44] | Kolodkin-Gal, D., Zamir, G., Edden, Y., Pikarsky, E., Pikarsky, A., Haim, H., ... & Panet, A. (2008). Herpes simplex virus type 1 preferentially targets human colon carcinoma: role of extracellular matrix. Journal of virology, 82(2), 999-1010. |
| [45] | Liu, S., Dai, M., You, L., & Zhao, Y. (2013). Advance in herpes simplex viruses for cancer therapy. Science China Life Sciences, 56(4), 298-305. |
| [46] | Gutermann, A., Mayer, E., Dehn-Rothfelser, K. V., Breidenstein, C., Weber, M., Muench, M., ... & Lechmann, M. (2006). Efficacy of oncolytic herpesvirus NV1020 can be enhanced by combination with chemotherapeutics in colon carcinoma cells. Human gene therapy, 17(12), 1241-1253. |
| [47] | Thompson, B. G., & Coffey, M. C. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 8,222,036. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. |
| [48] | Vidal, L., Pandha, H. S., Yap, T. A., White, C. L., Twigger, K., Vile, R. G., ... & DeBono, J. S. (2008). A phase I study of intravenous oncolytic reovirus type 3 Dearing in patients with advanced cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 14(21), 7127-7137. |
| [49] | Carew, J. S., Espitia, C. M., Kelly, K. R., Coffey, M., Freeman, J. W., & Nawrocki, S. T. (2012). Reolysin: A novel reovirus-based agent that induces endoplasmic reticular stress in RAS-activated pancreatic cancer. Cancer Research, 72(8 Supplement), 2717-2717. |
| [50] | Goldufsky, J., Sivendran, S., & Pan, M. (2013). Oncolytic virus therapy for cancer. Oncolytic Virotherapy, 2, 31-46. |
| [51] | Breitbach, C. J. (2015). The emerging therapeutic potential of the oncolytic immunotherapeutic Pexa-Vec (JX-594). |
| [52] | Conrad, S. J., & Essani, K. (2014). Oncoselectivity in Oncolytic Viruses against Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 5(13), 1153. |
| [53] | Alexander, D. J., & Alexander, D. J. (Eds.). (1988). Newcastle disease (Vol. 8). Springer Science & Business Media |
| [54] | Lam, H. Y., Yeap, S. K., Rasoli, M., Omar, A. R., Yusoff, K., Suraini, A. A., & Banu Alitheen, N. (2011). Safety and clinical usage of Newcastle disease virus in cancer therapy. BioMed Research International, 2011. |
| [55] | Mansour, M., Palese, P., & Zamarin, D. (2011). Oncolytic specificity of Newcastle disease virus is mediated by selectivity for apoptosis-resistant cells. Journal of virology, 85(12), 6015-6023. |
APA Style
Della Davis, S. S. Lahiri. (2015). Application of Oncolytic Viruses for Cure of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Research Journal, 3(4), 76-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13
ACS Style
Della Davis; S. S. Lahiri. Application of Oncolytic Viruses for Cure of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res. J. 2015, 3(4), 76-93. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13
AMA Style
Della Davis, S. S. Lahiri. Application of Oncolytic Viruses for Cure of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res J. 2015;3(4):76-93. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13,
author = {Della Davis and S. S. Lahiri},
title = {Application of Oncolytic Viruses for Cure of Colorectal Cancer},
journal = {Cancer Research Journal},
volume = {3},
number = {4},
pages = {76-93},
doi = {10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.crj.20150304.13},
abstract = {Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and lethal cancers worldwide. It is the resultant of multistep processes caused by the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic aberrations. The different therapeutic strategies like radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, used individually or in different combinations, do not remove tumors or their progression all the time. Besides, these procedures involve surrounding cells and tissues. In case of surgery, which is possible only before metastasis, even a single cancer cell left out during surgery, cause further cancer. Focus has been laid in developing agents that could specifically target the cancer cells and leave out the remaining normal cells. This also attempt at total recovery. This was how the focus was laid on viral agents. Over the last two decades, due to various advancements in molecular biology, virotherapy has seen various developments. A special class of viruses called oncolytic viruses have been used as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. These agents have various inherent and engineered factors like enhanced tissue tropism, thereby providing high selectivity; armed with transgenes to deliver therapeutic genes and to perform tumor selective replication, all these factors proving them improved and evolved mechanisms, when compared with other cancer therapeutics. These oncolytic viruses provide greater protection in association with herbal remedies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed account of some of the current observations, developments and insights made in the field of oncolytic virotherapy for targeting colorectal cancer cells. A panel of five oncolytic viruses i.e. adenovirus, herpes virus, reovirus, vaccinia virus and new castle disease virus that are under clinical studies for targeting colorectal cancer cells have been discussed.},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Oncolytic Viruses for Cure of Colorectal Cancer AU - Della Davis AU - S. S. Lahiri Y1 - 2015/07/14 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13 DO - 10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13 T2 - Cancer Research Journal JF - Cancer Research Journal JO - Cancer Research Journal SP - 76 EP - 93 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8214 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13 AB - Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and lethal cancers worldwide. It is the resultant of multistep processes caused by the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic aberrations. The different therapeutic strategies like radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, used individually or in different combinations, do not remove tumors or their progression all the time. Besides, these procedures involve surrounding cells and tissues. In case of surgery, which is possible only before metastasis, even a single cancer cell left out during surgery, cause further cancer. Focus has been laid in developing agents that could specifically target the cancer cells and leave out the remaining normal cells. This also attempt at total recovery. This was how the focus was laid on viral agents. Over the last two decades, due to various advancements in molecular biology, virotherapy has seen various developments. A special class of viruses called oncolytic viruses have been used as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. These agents have various inherent and engineered factors like enhanced tissue tropism, thereby providing high selectivity; armed with transgenes to deliver therapeutic genes and to perform tumor selective replication, all these factors proving them improved and evolved mechanisms, when compared with other cancer therapeutics. These oncolytic viruses provide greater protection in association with herbal remedies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed account of some of the current observations, developments and insights made in the field of oncolytic virotherapy for targeting colorectal cancer cells. A panel of five oncolytic viruses i.e. adenovirus, herpes virus, reovirus, vaccinia virus and new castle disease virus that are under clinical studies for targeting colorectal cancer cells have been discussed. VL - 3 IS - 4 ER -
Information
Email: