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Research Article
Determinants of Adoption of Improved Cookstoves in the Dundori Forest Adjacent Community, Kenya
Caxton Gitonga Kaua*,
Teresia Muthoni Gitonga
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
1-10
Received:
19 December 2023
Accepted:
2 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Improved cookstove programs worldwide are characterized by low success due to low adoption rates. However, there is a lack of detailed analysis of factors affecting the adoption of improved cookstoves in specific socioecological contexts, including in forest-adjacent communities. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the adoption of improved cookstoves in the Dundori Forest-adjacent community. This study used a descriptive study design and a multistage sampling design. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, Kendall’s coefficient, Mann-Kendall Z-Test, and regression analysis. We found that most households (99.2%) use firewood and charcoal for cooking. In addition, only 25.5% of the households use improved cookstoves, and they are used once per week on average which indicates low adoption. There was a significant negative trend in the availability of firewood (τb = 0.878**, P<0.01) and charcoal (τb = 0.927**, P <0.01). The use of improved cookstoves had a significant negative relationship with the use of firewood (β = - 0.687, P<0.05) and charcoal (β = - 0.153, P<0.05). The adoption of improved cookstoves was affected by various factors including gender (β1 = - 0.618 ± 1.049, P < 0.05), level of formal education (β1 = 0.347 ± 1.049, P < 0.05), and training on efficient and clean energy (β1 = 1.990 ± 1.049, P < 0.05). The study will inform policies, plans, and programs that effectively promote the adoption of improved cookstoves and enhance their benefits.
Abstract: Improved cookstove programs worldwide are characterized by low success due to low adoption rates. However, there is a lack of detailed analysis of factors affecting the adoption of improved cookstoves in specific socioecological contexts, including in forest-adjacent communities. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the adop...
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Research Article
Reservoir Quality Under the Control of Gravity Flows in the C7 Member of Yanchang Formation in the Jinghe Oilfield, Ordos Basin, China
Yousuf Ah Fudol*
,
Hongping Liu
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
11-26
Received:
7 March 2024
Accepted:
26 March 2024
Published:
10 May 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jenr.20241301.12
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Abstract: The late Triassic sandstone reservoir in the C7 member of the Jinghe oilfield southern Ordos basin is a typical deep-water gravity flow tight oil reservoir. Sedimentary microfacies, physical properties, and petrographic analysis were being examined for quality determination. Pore structure and physical properties data together combined with, thin sections, and scanning electron microscope and core images were used to identify factors controlling reservoir physical properties. The depositional system under debates of different gravity flows including debris flow, seismite slumping, and turbidity flows. Among which sandy debris flow facies shows a better distribution of porosity and permeability followed by seismite-slump, where turbidity facies are the poorest. The petrophysical analysis shows that the study oil interval is a typical tight sandstone reservoir with an average porosity of 9% and permeability average being 0.025mD. The rock classification criteria of the C7 sandstone reveal the sub-categories of lithic feldspar sandstone and feldspar lithic sandstone. Average quartz sandstone contents of 48.25%, average feldspar sandstone content being 25%, and lithic fragments content of 29%. The formation lithology comprises mostly fine-grained sandstone and small pore size, which disclose that the porosity-permeability distribution increases proportional to the average and median pore throat radius, and decreases with average and median pressure. The microfacies distribution shows that the depositional facies controlled physical properties. The sandstone primary pores are affected by the mineral composition of quartz, feldspar, illite, smectite, kaolinite, calcite, and dolomite. Features such as dissolved pores and intergranular pore filling by feldspar, silky-like aggregates of illite-smectite intergranular pore filling and most diagenetic minerals influenced the sandstone pores beside the compaction.
Abstract: The late Triassic sandstone reservoir in the C7 member of the Jinghe oilfield southern Ordos basin is a typical deep-water gravity flow tight oil reservoir. Sedimentary microfacies, physical properties, and petrographic analysis were being examined for quality determination. Pore structure and physical properties data together combined with, thin s...
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Research Article
Study on Response of Evapotranspiration Consumption of Forest and Grass Vegetation to Natural Precipitation in Northwest Loess Plateau
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
27-50
Received:
22 March 2024
Accepted:
6 May 2024
Published:
10 May 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jenr.20241301.13
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Abstract: In this paper, the evapotranspiration balance of forest and grass vegetation in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China in different regions was analyzed using 6 indexes in 3 categoriess, namely, evapotranspiration ratio (Ea/Q, Ep/Q), evapotranspiration difference (Q-EA, Q-EP), and actual (potential) water supply ratio (1-Ea/Q, 1-Ep/Q). It is used to objectively reflect the suitability of different types of vegetation in different periods of growth based on precipitation. In another words this suitability reflects the support capacity of natural rainfall to vegetation consumed water through evapotranspiration under the specific climate environment of the Loess Plateau. The results show that: (1) The actual evapotranspiration water consumption of all types of vegetation in this region increased significantly in the first three months of the growth period from April to June, resulting in a relatively high moisture dryness index of vegetation with an average k value of 0.44. The main reason was that natural precipitation was less at this stage, and the gradually rising temperature strengthened the transpiration of most vegetation. The forest was the most stressed. At the end of May and the beginning of June, with the increase of natural precipitation, the average k value of all types of vegetation began to decline. From July to September, due to the flood season in this region, the precipitation increased sharply, and the moisture dryness index was in the lowest range of the whole growth period, and the average k value varied between 0.26 and 0.30 with the lowest value was 0.26 at the end of August and the beginning of September. (2) It is obvious that the water stress of forest is higher than that of shrub and grassland. It is fully indicated that the difference of transpiration caused by the difference of vegetation types leads to the difference of actual evapotranspiration water consumption of different vegetation types.
Abstract: In this paper, the evapotranspiration balance of forest and grass vegetation in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China in different regions was analyzed using 6 indexes in 3 categoriess, namely, evapotranspiration ratio (Ea/Q, Ep/Q), evapotranspiration difference (Q-EA, Q-EP), and actual (potential) water supply ratio (1-Ea/Q, 1-Ep/Q). It is used to ...
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