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Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils: An Overview of Principles and Expectations for Fundamental Techniques
Ashenafi Nigussie,
Haymanot Awgchew
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
80-90
Received:
5 March 2022
Accepted:
6 April 2022
Published:
22 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220602.11
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Abstract: The earth is currently dealing with a variety of issues and is losing its potential as a result of climate change brought on by increasing industrialization and urbanization. Harmful metals wastes generated by anthropogenic processes such as household, municipal, agricultural, industrial, and military operations penetrate the soil, decreasing its quality and usefulness. Because soil is the foundation of life, it necessitates excellent remediation activity. The problem of soil pollution is no longer being ignored because it is limited or no new land to replace. Therefore, the objective of this review paper is to explore the concepts and promises of basic phytoremediation approaches for heavy metal-contaminated soils. The use of living organisms, particularly plants (phytoremediation), is one of the remediation approaches that is now being used. In comparison to other soil remediation approaches, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable technology that can work with few maintenance costs once established, is suited for vast regions with low to moderate amounts of contaminants, and is ecologically benign. Phytoremediation, on the other hand, is a long-term remediation option, and not all of its remediation procedures are optimal. For example, in the case of phytovolatilization, air pollution may occur, while in the case of phytoextraction, pollutants collected in leaves may be released back into the environment during litterfall. Therefore, future concerns should be directed toward the modification and improvement of phytoremediation technologies that are likely to improve metal-binding abilities in plant tissues and phyto-transform toxic metals. Finally, it is critical to minimize or avoid the release of harmful compounds into the environment, in addition to enhancing and adapting various techniques.
Abstract: The earth is currently dealing with a variety of issues and is losing its potential as a result of climate change brought on by increasing industrialization and urbanization. Harmful metals wastes generated by anthropogenic processes such as household, municipal, agricultural, industrial, and military operations penetrate the soil, decreasing its q...
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Moving Towards Renewable Energy to Mitigate Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuel
Mary Naadanswa Adu-Gyamfi,
Anand Raj,
Peter Golding,
Luis Perez,
Diane Golding,
Luis René Contreras,
Scott A. Starks,
Mahesh Narayan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
91-100
Received:
11 November 2021
Accepted:
4 February 2022
Published:
22 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220602.12
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Abstract: To power the world efficiently with a sustainable and a reliable future, Renewable energy or clean energy is the solution. Clean energy revolution is displacing 500 years of fossil fuels to lower carbon emissions as well as other types of pollution. Due to experts in the field, innovative technology, and robust software, the cost of the energy is down. Renewable energy utilization is on the rise around the world because of industrialization. Still, the world relies on petroleum oil and coal to meet demand. Burning many fossil fuels creates substantial CO2 emission into the atmosphere-can be catastrophic. For example, concern of climate change due to Green Gas Emissions (GHG). A viable option to this problem would be to use Renewable energy (RE) in exchange to fuel burning. The objective of the work is to investigate the types of Renewable, the function of Renewable energy sources to mitigate CO2 Emission, the potential for developing country to scale back CO2 emission and the problems associated with applying RE in third world countries.
Abstract: To power the world efficiently with a sustainable and a reliable future, Renewable energy or clean energy is the solution. Clean energy revolution is displacing 500 years of fossil fuels to lower carbon emissions as well as other types of pollution. Due to experts in the field, innovative technology, and robust software, the cost of the energy is d...
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Soil Test Based Crop Response Phosphorus Calibration Study for Food Barely Production in Sinana District of Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia
Mulugeta Eshetu,
Regassa Gosa,
Daniel Abegeja,
Tesfaye Ketema,
Girma Getachew,
Tilahun Chibsa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
101-111
Received:
12 March 2022
Accepted:
22 April 2022
Published:
12 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220602.13
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Abstract: Soil fertility decline results from different factors. Blanket fertilizer application throughout the country without considering soil types and agro-ecological are among the bottlenecks to obtain sustainable desired yield. This calls for site-specific nutrients managements and soil test based crop response fertilizer recommendations. The objective of the experiment was to determine economically optimum N, Phosphorus critical (Pc) and Phosphorus requirement factor for food barely production at Sinana district. A field trials were conducted from 2019 to 2021, using factorial combinations of four N levels (0, 23, 46 and 69 Kg/ha) and Six P levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Kg/ha) chemical fertilizers, laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Food barely (Robera variety) with recommended seed rate of 125 kg/ha was used. Composite soil sample before plating and intensive soil samples after 21 days of sowing were taken from each plot and analyzed for selected physicochemical properties following standard laboratory procedures. Phosphorus critical level (Pc) determination was done using C'ate-Nelson diagram method. Agronomic data such as plant height; tiller, seed per spike, biomass, grain yield and thousand kernel weight were collected and subjected to two way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) using R software while the partial budget analysis was done using CIMMYT (1998). The results revealed that both N and combined NP fertilizer rates significantly influenced the agronomic parameters of food barely. Optimum nitrogen rate (46 N kg/ha), P critical concentration (20 ppm) and P requirement factor (4.60) for food barely production were determined at Sinana District. Therefore, uses of 46 N kg/ha fertilizer for food barely production at Sinana District and areas having similar soil conditions and agro-ecology is advisable. Farther verification of the result on farm land could be a pre request before disseminating the technology to the user.
Abstract: Soil fertility decline results from different factors. Blanket fertilizer application throughout the country without considering soil types and agro-ecological are among the bottlenecks to obtain sustainable desired yield. This calls for site-specific nutrients managements and soil test based crop response fertilizer recommendations. The objective ...
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Research Progress on Nitrogen Removal Performance of Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cell
Jin Li,
Li Wang,
Jinshi Li,
Wenlei Wang
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
112-118
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
Published:
1 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220602.14
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Abstract: Due to their limitations, conventionally constructed wetlands or microbial fuel cells often suffer from some disadvantages such as low denitrification efficiency, high internal resistance, and high activation potential in the process of treating nitrogenous wastewater. In recent years, the emerging constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) combines the constructed wetland (CW) and microbial fuel cell (MFC), which is a new bioelectrochemical technology for both electricity production and wastewater treatment, its natural redox gradient, unique cell structure, cathodic reduction characteristics and wetland plants located at the cathode not only provide advantages for nitrogen removal but also enhance the performance of electricity production. As a result of the diversity of wastewater types and their constituents, the effects of nitrogen removal from CW-MFC vary among different components. Most of the existing studies have investigated the effect of nitrogen removal in terms of system structure and composition, this paper reviews the effects of salinity and phosphorus in wastewater components on the denitrification performance of CW-MFC based on the analysis of nitrogen conversion pathways and nitrogen removal principles of CW-MFC, summarizes the problems caused by the limitations of the nitrogen removal process and the effects of salinity and phosphorus concentration, proposes ways as well as directions to strengthen the denitrification performance for the future development of CW-MFC.
Abstract: Due to their limitations, conventionally constructed wetlands or microbial fuel cells often suffer from some disadvantages such as low denitrification efficiency, high internal resistance, and high activation potential in the process of treating nitrogenous wastewater. In recent years, the emerging constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) c...
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Research and Application of Antibacterial Materials for Environmental Friendly Wood Decorative Materials
Zhiyong Zheng,
Ruixue Jia,
Kaijie Zheng,
Kaisen Zheng,
Qi Li,
An Mao
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
119-123
Received:
14 June 2022
Accepted:
24 June 2022
Published:
30 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220602.15
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Abstract: Wood based panel is a kind of panel or molded product made of wood or other non wood plants as raw materials, which is separated into various unit materials by certain mechanical processing, and then glued with or without adhesives and other additives. The rapid development of China's wood-based panel industry is mainly used in the field of wood decorative materials. In recent years, the harm of pathogenic microorganisms such as Xinguan and monkeypox to the society has prompted people to pay attention to disease control and prevention. The public's health requirements for living, working and living environment have been greatly improved. This situation has effectively promoted the rapid development of antibacterial technology and antibacterial materials. Wood and wood products are widely used in public environment such as restaurants, vehicles and ships, hospitals and other places. Due to inadequate daily cleaning and disinfection, these places have become the focus of microbial and bacterial reproduction. Therefore, the wood reinforced with antibacterial agents is used as building materials. Because of its strong antibacterial properties, the surface of wood materials can inhibit and sterilize pathogenic microorganisms. The research and appearance of antibacterial decorative wood-based panels show important practical significance. Antibacterial materials are usually obtained by adding antibacterial agents. Antibacterial agents are highly sensitive substances to some bacteria, molds and other microorganisms. They have a wide variety and different properties. With the development of nanotechnology, inorganic nano materials have been used as antibacterial materials, which can effectively inhibit bacteria to a certain extent. This paper introduces several main antibacterial materials used in wood decorative materials, such as nano silver activated carbon, nano silver zeolite, nano silver zinc oxide, nano silver titanium dioxide, and discusses their antibacterial mechanism and preparation methods.
Abstract: Wood based panel is a kind of panel or molded product made of wood or other non wood plants as raw materials, which is separated into various unit materials by certain mechanical processing, and then glued with or without adhesives and other additives. The rapid development of China's wood-based panel industry is mainly used in the field of wood de...
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Study on the Application of New Mold Inhibitor in Wood Composite Panel
Zhiyong Zheng,
Ruiqi Li,
Kaixuan Zheng,
Kaisen Zheng,
Qi Li,
An Mao
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
124-128
Received:
14 June 2022
Accepted:
24 June 2022
Published:
30 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220602.16
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Abstract: Medium density fiberboard is a kind of man-made board made of wood fiber or other plant fiber, which is crushed, separated and dried, then applied with urea formaldehyde resin or other applicable adhesives, and then hot pressed. As MDF is a kind of composite material made of natural biomass materials, its internal nutrients are rich, and it is vulnerable to microbial erosion and mildew. The strains causing MDF mildew mainly include Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium tangerine, etc. The surface of MDF shows black or dark green mildew spots after mildew, which reduces its decorative performance and use performance, pollutes the living environment, and causes serious economic losses and waste of resources. Studies have shown that when the fungal spores in the air reach a certain concentration, indoor residents or workers will have allergies, asthma and other respiratory diseases. Therefore, the research and development of wood-based composites with antimildew function is of great value to improve the quality of living environment, prolong the service life of wood products and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of wood. In this study, a new mold inhibitor was added to the glue solution to prepare fiberboard. The effects of the addition of mold inhibitor on the physical and mechanical properties and mold resistance of fiberboard were investigated. The results showed that the viscosity of the resin system decreased with the increase of the amount of the two mold inhibitors. With the increase of the amount of mold inhibitor, the internal bonding strength, elastic modulus and static bending strength of the plate decreased in varying degrees. However, the addition of mold inhibitor significantly improves the mold resistance of the plate. The addition of mold inhibitor A is more conducive to the control of Trichoderma viride, while the addition of mold inhibitor B is more conducive to the control of Aspergillus niger. The amount of mold inhibitor B is appropriate at about 2%-3%. This study provides a new possible way for the application of new mold inhibitor in MDF, and has good practical significance.
Abstract: Medium density fiberboard is a kind of man-made board made of wood fiber or other plant fiber, which is crushed, separated and dried, then applied with urea formaldehyde resin or other applicable adhesives, and then hot pressed. As MDF is a kind of composite material made of natural biomass materials, its internal nutrients are rich, and it is vuln...
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