A field experiment was conducted during the 2021 main cropping season using an augmented design to evaluate adult plant resistance in bread wheat genotypes against wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Ethiopia. Final rust severity (FRS), coefficient of infection (CI), and relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) were used to identify slow rusting genotypes. These parameters proved reliable for assessing resistance. Eleven Pgt races were tested on 20 near-isogenic lines carrying single stem rust resistance genes. Greenhouse results showed seven lines were resistant to all races. Genotypes were grouped based on infection types: Group I (e.g., genotypes 40 and 56) showed low infection types (ITs); Group II (e.g., genotypes 2, 3, 12, 13, 43, 91, 98) showed high ITs; Group III included 68 lines with variable reactions. TTKTF and TKPTF caused the highest ITs, while TTKTT showed the lowest. Thirty slow rusting genotypes were identified based on field FRS (Trace MS to 25 MS) and seedling ITs (2+ to 4). These cultivars offer valuable genetic resources for wheat improvement programs targeting durable resistance to stem rust. These findings demonstrate the importance of combining field-based slow rusting parameters with greenhouse race-specific evaluations to obtain a comprehensive understanding of resistance. The identification of genotypes with stable resistance across multiple environments provides a strong foundation for breeding programs aimed at durable stem rust resistance. Such cultivars are particularly valuable in Ethiopia, where stem rust epidemics pose a recurring threat to wheat production and national food security. This study contributes to the global effort of developing improved wheat varieties by offering genetic resources that can be integrated into international breeding pipelines. By highlighting both race-specific and slow rusting resistance, the research underscores the need for continuous monitoring of pathogen variability and the deployment of diverse resistance genes to ensure long-term effectiveness.
| Published in | American Journal of Plant Biology (Volume 10, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16 |
| Page(s) | 121-132 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Lines, Near-isogenic, Seedling, Slow Rusting, Races, Resistance
| [1] | Admassu, B., Friedt, W. and Ordon, F., 2012. Stem rust seedling resistance genes in Ethiopian wheat cultivars and breeding lines. African Crop Science Journal, 20(3); 149-162. |
| [2] | Ali, S., Shah, S. J. A., RAHMAN, H. U., Saqib, M. S., Ibrahim, M. and Sajjad, M., 2009. Variability in wheat yield under yellow rust pressure in Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 33(6); 537-546. |
| [3] | Ayele B, and Bekele H. (2016). Incidence and Challenges of Rust Diseases in Wheat Production. pp. 41-51. In: Z. Bishaw et al. (eds.) Containing the menace of wheat rusts: Institutional intervention and impacts. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research and International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| [4] | Cao, Q., Hu, Q. H., Khan, S., Wang, Z. J., Lin, A. J., Du, X. and Zhu, Y. G., 2007. Wheat phytotoxicity from arsenic and cadmium separately and together in solution culture and in a calcareous soil. Journal of hazardous materials, 148(1); 377-382. |
| [5] | Flor, H. H., 1956. The complementary genetic systems in flax and flax rust. Adv. Genet. 8: 29-54. |
| [6] | Hei, N. B., Tsegaab T, Getaneh. W, Endale H, B. Hundie, Daniel K, Fikirte, Fufa A, Wubishet A, Teklay A. 2018, Distribution and frequency of wheat stem rust races (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research 6(5); 88-96. |
| [7] |
Hei, N T. Tsegaab, W. Getaneh, T. Girma, C. Obsa, A. Seyoum, E. Zerihun, K. Nazari, E. Kurtulus, H. Kavaz, I. Ozseven, A. Yoseph., 2020 “First Report of Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici Race TTKTT in Ethiopia”.
https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1825-PDN |
| [8] | Huerta-Espino, J., Singh, R., Crespo-Herrera, L. A., Villaseñor-Mir, H. E., Rodriguez-Garcia, M. F., Dreisigacker, S., Barcenas-Santana, D. and Lagudah, E., 2020. Adult plant slow rusting genes confer high levels of resistance to rusts in bread wheat cultivars from Mexico. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11; 824. |
| [9] | Huerta-Espino, J., Singh, R. P., German, S., McCallum, B. D., Park, R. F., Chen, W. Q., Bhardwaj, S. C. and Goyeau, H., 2011. Global status of wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Euphytica, 179; 143-160. |
| [10] | Jin, Y., Singh, R. P., Ward, R. W., Wanyera, R., Kinyua, M., Njau, P., et al. (2007). Characterization of seedling infection types and adult plant infection responses of monogenic Sr gene lines to race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis. 91, 1096–1099. |
| [11] | Jin Y, Szabo LJ, Pretorius ZA, Singh RP, Ward RW, Fetch TJ. 2008. Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis. 2008; 92: 923±926. |
| [12] | Lagudah, E. S., 2011. Molecular genetics of race non-specific rust resistance in wheat. Euphytica, 179(1); 81-91. |
| [13] | Mabrouk, O. I., El-Orabey, W. M. and Esmail, S. M., 2019. Evaluation of wheat cultivars for slow rusting resistance to leaf and stem rust diseases in Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 47(2); 1-19. |
| [14] | McNeil, M. D., Kota, R., Paux, E., Dunn, D., McLean, R., Feuillet, C., Li, D., Kong, X., Lagudah, E., Zhang, J. C., Jia, J. Z., Spielmeyer, W., Bellgard, M. and Appels, R. (2008) BAC-derived markers for assaying the stem rust resistance gene, Sr2, in wheat breeding programs. Auarura Ge’erriSfB, 221: 15- 24. |
| [15] | Njau, P. N., Wanyera, R., Macharia, G. K., Macharia, J., Singh, R. and Keller, B., 2009. Resistance in Kenyan bread wheat to recent eastern African isolate of stem rust, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Ug99. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 1(2); 022-027. |
| [16] | Peterson, R. F., Campbell, A. B. and Hannah, A. E., 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals. Canadian journal of research, 26(5); 496-500. |
| [17] | Pretorius, Z. A., Singh, R. P., Wagoire, W. W. and Payne, T. S., 2000. Detection of virulence to wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31 in Puccinia graminis. f. sp. tritici in Uganda. Plant disease, 84(2); 203-203. |
| [18] | Roelfs, A. P. and Martens, J. W., 1988. An international system of nomenclature for Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Phytopathology, 78(5); 526-533. |
| [19] | Roelfs, A. P., Singh, R. P. and Saari, E. E., 1992. Rust diseases of wheat: concepts and methods of disease management. Cimmyt. |
| [20] | Safavi, S. A., and Afshari, F., 2012. Identification of resistance to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici in some elite wheat genotypes. Journal of Crop Protection 1: 293-302. |
| [21] | Safavi, SA., 2012. Evaluation of slow rusting parameters in thirty seven promising wheat genotypes to yellow rust. Tech. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2: 324-329. |
| [22] | Stakman, E. C., Stewart, D. M. and Loegering, W. Q., 1962.. Identification of physiologic races of Puccinia graminis var. tritici. U. S. Dep. Agric. Bur. Entomol. Plant Quarantine Bull. E-617 (Rev.). 53 p. |
| [23] | Stubbs, R. W., 1985. Stripe rust. In Diseases, distribution, epidemiology, and control (pp. 61-101). Academic Press. |
| [24] | Wang ZL, Li LH, He ZH, Duan XY, Zhou YL, et al. (2005) Seedling and adult plant resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese bread wheat cultivars and lines. Plant Disease 89: 457-463. |
| [25] | Wellings, C. R., 2011. Global status of stripe rust: a review of historical and current threats. Euphytica, 179(1); 129-141. |
APA Style
Mideksa, T., Eshetu, Z. (2025). Evaluation of Adult Plant Resistance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes to Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Biology, 10(4), 121-132. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16
ACS Style
Mideksa, T.; Eshetu, Z. Evaluation of Adult Plant Resistance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes to Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia. Am. J. Plant Biol. 2025, 10(4), 121-132. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16,
author = {Tamene Mideksa and Zerihun Eshetu},
title = {Evaluation of Adult Plant Resistance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes to Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia},
journal = {American Journal of Plant Biology},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {121-132},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpb.20251004.16},
abstract = {A field experiment was conducted during the 2021 main cropping season using an augmented design to evaluate adult plant resistance in bread wheat genotypes against wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Ethiopia. Final rust severity (FRS), coefficient of infection (CI), and relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) were used to identify slow rusting genotypes. These parameters proved reliable for assessing resistance. Eleven Pgt races were tested on 20 near-isogenic lines carrying single stem rust resistance genes. Greenhouse results showed seven lines were resistant to all races. Genotypes were grouped based on infection types: Group I (e.g., genotypes 40 and 56) showed low infection types (ITs); Group II (e.g., genotypes 2, 3, 12, 13, 43, 91, 98) showed high ITs; Group III included 68 lines with variable reactions. TTKTF and TKPTF caused the highest ITs, while TTKTT showed the lowest. Thirty slow rusting genotypes were identified based on field FRS (Trace MS to 25 MS) and seedling ITs (2+ to 4). These cultivars offer valuable genetic resources for wheat improvement programs targeting durable resistance to stem rust. These findings demonstrate the importance of combining field-based slow rusting parameters with greenhouse race-specific evaluations to obtain a comprehensive understanding of resistance. The identification of genotypes with stable resistance across multiple environments provides a strong foundation for breeding programs aimed at durable stem rust resistance. Such cultivars are particularly valuable in Ethiopia, where stem rust epidemics pose a recurring threat to wheat production and national food security. This study contributes to the global effort of developing improved wheat varieties by offering genetic resources that can be integrated into international breeding pipelines. By highlighting both race-specific and slow rusting resistance, the research underscores the need for continuous monitoring of pathogen variability and the deployment of diverse resistance genes to ensure long-term effectiveness.},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Adult Plant Resistance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes to Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Races in Ethiopia AU - Tamene Mideksa AU - Zerihun Eshetu Y1 - 2025/12/29 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16 DO - 10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16 T2 - American Journal of Plant Biology JF - American Journal of Plant Biology JO - American Journal of Plant Biology SP - 121 EP - 132 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-8337 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20251004.16 AB - A field experiment was conducted during the 2021 main cropping season using an augmented design to evaluate adult plant resistance in bread wheat genotypes against wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Ethiopia. Final rust severity (FRS), coefficient of infection (CI), and relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) were used to identify slow rusting genotypes. These parameters proved reliable for assessing resistance. Eleven Pgt races were tested on 20 near-isogenic lines carrying single stem rust resistance genes. Greenhouse results showed seven lines were resistant to all races. Genotypes were grouped based on infection types: Group I (e.g., genotypes 40 and 56) showed low infection types (ITs); Group II (e.g., genotypes 2, 3, 12, 13, 43, 91, 98) showed high ITs; Group III included 68 lines with variable reactions. TTKTF and TKPTF caused the highest ITs, while TTKTT showed the lowest. Thirty slow rusting genotypes were identified based on field FRS (Trace MS to 25 MS) and seedling ITs (2+ to 4). These cultivars offer valuable genetic resources for wheat improvement programs targeting durable resistance to stem rust. These findings demonstrate the importance of combining field-based slow rusting parameters with greenhouse race-specific evaluations to obtain a comprehensive understanding of resistance. The identification of genotypes with stable resistance across multiple environments provides a strong foundation for breeding programs aimed at durable stem rust resistance. Such cultivars are particularly valuable in Ethiopia, where stem rust epidemics pose a recurring threat to wheat production and national food security. This study contributes to the global effort of developing improved wheat varieties by offering genetic resources that can be integrated into international breeding pipelines. By highlighting both race-specific and slow rusting resistance, the research underscores the need for continuous monitoring of pathogen variability and the deployment of diverse resistance genes to ensure long-term effectiveness. VL - 10 IS - 4 ER -
Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
Information