The Shroud’s body image is a monochromatic half-tone made from a huge number of short, straw yellow discolorations. These discolorations donot penetrate the trheads oreven all the way through the fibers which make up the threads. They appear only on a thin outer layer of the fibers, the fiber primary cell walls. In this work we show that the radioactive isotope rubidium 87 is found in linen fiber’s primary cell walls in sufficient concentrations to initiate yellowing should a large proportion undergo beta decay. This kind of nuclear decay involves the emission of an anti-neutrino which escapes, so that the electron which is produced concurrently can have a variety of kinetic energies and can be launched in a variety of directions. We argue that radiation damage from electron irradiation could have produced uniform yellowing of the fiber primary cell walls and have quenched ultra-violet fluorescence, both characteristics of the Shroud’s body image. Recent developements in the theory of quantum foundations point to the existance of a world, indistinguishable from ours and occupying our same spactime, in which the image was, with certainty, created by 87Rb decays.
| Published in | International Journal of Archaeology (Volume 13, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11 |
| Page(s) | 141-151 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Turin Shroud, Body Image, Rubidium 87, Beta Decay, Quantum Foundations
| [1] |
G. Fanti, J. A. Botella, P. Di Lazzaro, T. Heimburger, R. Schneider and N. Svensson. Microscopic and Macroscopic Characteristics of the Shroud of Turin Image Superficiality. J. Imaging Sci. Technol., 54(4): 040201-040201-8, Jul-Aug 2010.
https://doi.org/10.2353/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2010.54.4.04020 |
| [2] | H. L. Bos and A. M. Donald. In situ ESEM study of the deformation of elementary flax fibres. Journal of Materials Science, 34:3029-3034, 1999. |
| [3] | S. P. Hardegree. Derivation of plant cell wall water content by examination of the water-holding capacity of membrane-disrupted tissues. J. Exp. Bot. 219: 1099-1104, 1989. |
| [4] | C. Goudenhooft, A. Bourmaud, and C. Baley. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Fibers for Composite Reinforcement: Exploring the Link Between Plant Growth, Cell Walls Development, and Fiber Properties. Front. Plant Sci., 10(411): 1-23, 2019. |
| [5] | A. S. Crafts, H. B. Currier and C. R. Stocking. Water in the Physiology of Plants. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham Mass., 1949. |
| [6] | T. Xie, C. A. S. Hill, Z. Jalaludin, S. F. Curling, R. D. Anandjiwala, A. F. Norton and G. Newman. The dynamic water vapour sorption behaviour of natural fibres and kinetic analysis using the parallel exponential kinetics model. J. Mater Sci., 46: 479-489, 2011. |
| [7] | R. N. Rogers. A Chemist’s Perspective on the Shroud of Turin. Barrie M. Schwortz, www.Shroud.com, ISBN=978-0-6152-3928-6, July 2008. |
| [8] | J. P. Jackson, E. J. Jumper and B. Mottern. The Three Dimensional Image on Jesus’ Burial Cloth. In Proceedings of the 1977 United States Conference of Research on the Shroud of Turin, Edited by K. E. Stevenson. Holy Shroud Guild, March 1977. |
| [9] | J. P. Jackson, E. J. Jumper and W. Ercoline. Correlation of image intensity on the Turin Shroud with the 3-D structure of a human body shape. Appl. Opt., 23(14): 2244-2270, July 1984. |
| [10] | K. Nyholm, P. Ander, G. Bardage and G. Daniel. Dislocations in Pulp fibers - their origin, characteristics and importance - a review. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., 4: 376-384, 2001. |
| [11] | L. A. Schwalbe and R. N. Rogers. Physics and Chemistry of the Shroud of Turin, A Summary of the 1978 Investigation. Anal. Chim. Acta, 135: 3-49, 1982. |
| [12] | J. Cremona. Extreme Close-Up Photography and Focus Stacking. The Crowood Press Ltd. Wiltshire, SN8 2HR, UK., 2014. |
| [13] | R.O. Hanson, R. D. Vidao and P. R. Stout. Radioisotopes in Soils: Physical-Chemical Composition. In Radioisotopes in the Biosphere, Edited by R. S. Caldecott and L. A. Snyder. University of Minnesota Center for Continuation Study of the Gereral Extension division, 1960. |
| [14] | R. A. Leigh and R. G. Wyn Jones. A Hypothesis Relaating Critical Potassium Concentrations For Growth To The Distributioin And Functions Of This Ion In The Plant Cell. New Phytol., 97: 1-13, 1984. |
| [15] | R. A. Moris, L. A. Schwalbe and J. R. London. X-Ray Fluorescence Investigation of the Shroud of Turin. X-Ray Spectrom., 9(2): 40-47, 1980. |
| [16] | L. Klarhöfer, W. Viöl and W. Maus-Friedrichs. Electron spectrosasma treated lignin and cellulose. Holzforschung, 64: 331-336, 2010. |
| [17] | R. Tian, J. Zhong, C. Lu and X. Duana. Hydroxyl-triggered fluorescene for locaion of inorganic materials in polymer-matrix composites. Chem. Sci., 9(1): 218-222, 2018. |
| [18] | S. F. Pellicori. Spectral properties of the Shroud of Turin. Applied Optics, 19(12): 1913-1920, 1980. |
| [19] | R. T. O’Conner. Analysis of Chemically Modified Cotton. In High Polymers Volume V, Part IV, Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives, Edited by N. M. Bikales and L. Segal. Wiley-Interscience. 1971. |
| [20] | J. f. Saeman, M. A. Millett and E. J. Lawton. Effect of High-Energy Cathode Rays on Cellulose. Ind. and Eng. Chem., 44(12): 2848-2852, 1952. |
| [21] | National Bureau of Standards. Section 2.19 in Radiological Monitoring Methods and Insuruments. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1952. |
| [22] | L. Pauling. College Chemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company, 1955. |
| [23] | H. S. Bethe and M. E. Rose. The Multiple Scattering of Electrons. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 78: 573-585, 1938. |
| [24] |
R. N. Rogers. The Shroud of Turin Radiation Effects, Aging and Image Formation.
https://www.shroud.com/pdfs/rogers8.pdf (accessed June 19, 2019), 2005. |
| [25] | G. A. Korn and T. M. Korn. Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill 1968. |
| [26] | D. C. Joy and S. Luo. An Empirical Stopping Power Relationship for Low-Energy Electrons. Scanning, 11: 176-180, 1989. |
| [27] | K. F. Flynn and L. E. Glendenin. Half-Life and Beta Spectrum of Rb87. Phys. Rev., 116(3): 744-748, 1959. |
| [28] | J. P. Jackson. The Fall-through Hypothesis. In History, Science, Theology, and the Shroud: Symposium Proceedings, St. Louis Missouri, 1991. |
| [29] | K. Esau. Plant Anatomy, 2nd ed. Wiley and Sons Inc. 1958. |
| [30] | H. Hutter. Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). In Surface and thin Film Analysis: Principles, Instrumentation, Applications, Edited by H. Bubert and H. Jenett. Wiley-VCH Verlag, GmbH. 2002. |
| [31] | C. T. Laureijs, L. A. Coogan and J. Spence. A high throughput Rb-Sr dating method using solution tandem ICP-MS/MS(87Sr/86Sr) and standardaddition calibration ICP-MS(Rb/Sr). MethodsX 8:101309-101309-14, 2021. |
| [32] |
L. Garlaschelli. Life-size reproduction of the Shroud of Turin and its Image. J. Imaging Sci. Technol., 54(4): 040301-040301-14, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.2352/J.imagingSci.Technol.2010.54.4.040301 |
| [33] | L. Schwalbe and S. Pillicori. Analysis of Photoelectric Colorimetry and Fluoremetry of the Turin Shroud. International Journal of Archaeology, 11(1): 1-8, 2023. |
| [34] | B. S. DeWitt. Quantum Mechanics and reality. Phys. Today, 23(9): 30-35, 1970. |
| [35] |
M.J.W.Hall. CanClassicalWorldsEmergefromParallel Quantum Universes?
https://physics.aps.org/articles/v17/155 (accessed May 6, 2025). |
| [36] | H. Everett III. “Relative State” formulation of quantum mechanics. Rev. Mod. Phys., 29(454): 454-462, 1957. |
| [37] | H. Everett III. The Theory of the Universal Wave Function. In The Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Edited by B. S. DeWitt and N. Graham. Princeton University Press. 1973. |
| [38] |
M. Schirber. Quantum Milestoned, 1957: Sprouting ParallelUniverses.
https://physics.aps.org/articles/v18/83 (accessed May 6, 2025) 2025. |
| [39] | R. Penrose. The Emperor’s New Mind. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK., 1999. |
| [40] |
Veritasium. Parallel Worlds Probably Exist: Here’s Why.
https:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTXTPe3wahc (accessed May 6,2021) 2020. |
| [41] | E. Schrödinger. The present situation in quantum mechanics. In Quantum Theory and Measurement, Edited by J. A. Wheeler and W. H. Zurek. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ., 1983. |
| [42] | P. Strasberg, T. T. Reinhard and J. Schindler. First Principles Numerical Demonstration of Emergent Decoherent Histories. Phys. Rev. X, 14(4): 041027(17), 2024. |
| [43] | E. Schrödinger. An Undulatory theory of the mechanics of atoms and molecules. The Physicsl Review, 28(6): 1049-1069, 1926. |
| [44] | S. Carroll. Something Deeply Hidden Penguin Random House LLC. 2019. |
| [45] | L. Katz and A. S. Penfold. Range-Energy Relations for Electrons and the Determination of Beta-Ray End-Point Energies by Absorption. Reviews of Modern Physics, 24(1): 28-44, 1952. |
| [46] | P. Pianetta. Low-Energy Electron Ranges in Matter. In Center for X-Ray Optics X-Ray Data Booklet, Edited by D. Vaughan. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California. 1985. |
| [47] | R. M. Eisberg. Chapter 16, Section 11 in Fundamentals of Modern Physics, Wiley and Sons, 1961. |
APA Style
Porter, J. C. (2025). An Exquisitely Fine Paint Brush for the Turin Shroud’s Body Image. International Journal of Archaeology, 13(2), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11
ACS Style
Porter, J. C. An Exquisitely Fine Paint Brush for the Turin Shroud’s Body Image. Int. J. Archaeol. 2025, 13(2), 141-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11,
author = {James. C. Porter},
title = {An Exquisitely Fine Paint Brush for the Turin Shroud’s Body Image
},
journal = {International Journal of Archaeology},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {141-151},
doi = {10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ija.20251302.11},
abstract = {The Shroud’s body image is a monochromatic half-tone made from a huge number of short, straw yellow discolorations. These discolorations donot penetrate the trheads oreven all the way through the fibers which make up the threads. They appear only on a thin outer layer of the fibers, the fiber primary cell walls. In this work we show that the radioactive isotope rubidium 87 is found in linen fiber’s primary cell walls in sufficient concentrations to initiate yellowing should a large proportion undergo beta decay. This kind of nuclear decay involves the emission of an anti-neutrino which escapes, so that the electron which is produced concurrently can have a variety of kinetic energies and can be launched in a variety of directions. We argue that radiation damage from electron irradiation could have produced uniform yellowing of the fiber primary cell walls and have quenched ultra-violet fluorescence, both characteristics of the Shroud’s body image. Recent developements in the theory of quantum foundations point to the existance of a world, indistinguishable from ours and occupying our same spactime, in which the image was, with certainty, created by 87Rb decays.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - An Exquisitely Fine Paint Brush for the Turin Shroud’s Body Image AU - James. C. Porter Y1 - 2025/07/14 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11 T2 - International Journal of Archaeology JF - International Journal of Archaeology JO - International Journal of Archaeology SP - 141 EP - 151 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-7595 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20251302.11 AB - The Shroud’s body image is a monochromatic half-tone made from a huge number of short, straw yellow discolorations. These discolorations donot penetrate the trheads oreven all the way through the fibers which make up the threads. They appear only on a thin outer layer of the fibers, the fiber primary cell walls. In this work we show that the radioactive isotope rubidium 87 is found in linen fiber’s primary cell walls in sufficient concentrations to initiate yellowing should a large proportion undergo beta decay. This kind of nuclear decay involves the emission of an anti-neutrino which escapes, so that the electron which is produced concurrently can have a variety of kinetic energies and can be launched in a variety of directions. We argue that radiation damage from electron irradiation could have produced uniform yellowing of the fiber primary cell walls and have quenched ultra-violet fluorescence, both characteristics of the Shroud’s body image. Recent developements in the theory of quantum foundations point to the existance of a world, indistinguishable from ours and occupying our same spactime, in which the image was, with certainty, created by 87Rb decays. VL - 13 IS - 2 ER -
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, USA
Information