Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method

Yasuyoshi Fukui; Daisaku Nara; Kazuyo Fushimi; Mitsuhiro Nakao; Noriyoshi Kumazawa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13

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Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method

Yasuyoshi Fukui, Daisaku Nara, Kazuyo Fushimi, Mitsuhiro Nakao, Noriyoshi Kumazawa

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 23 December 2014 Accepted: 8 January 2015 Published: 20 January 2015

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Abstract

A work toward practical usage of hypereutectic Al–25 mass% Si alloy, which exhibits superior properties, as a functionally graded material (FGM) was done. The Al–Si FGM, which is based on the concept of overcoming the limitations imposed by the presence of a hard silicon phase in an aluminum matrix, was generated by a vacuum centrifugal method as a thick-walled tube. Grain coarsening, which is the primary disadvantage of the centrifugal method, was observed. The fraction of silicon phase in the tube unexpectedly varied from greater than 60 mass% at the outer surface to 15 mass% at the inner surface because of the greater density of molten silicon compared to that of the eutectic melt. Thus, the outer region of the tube was lighter than the inner region after solidification. FGM billets for near-net shape forming were machined from the thick-walled tube and were formed into an Al–Si FGM cup using a backward extruding. The products of the FGM cup were successfully manufactured in the temperature range from 853 K (580 ºC) to 863 K (590 ºC) through visco-plastic deformation. The fraction of silicon phase in the FGM cup varied from greater than 70 mass% Si at the formed cup bottom region to less than 15 mass% Si at the cup wall region. Coarse silicon particles were refined irrespective of the pre-existence of elongated spindle-shaped particles under some experimental conditions. The optimum operating conditions were inferred to be high-speed operation at approximately 853 K (580 °C), which was just above the melting point of the eutectic Al–Si alloy.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13
Page(s)	12-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Functionally Graded Material, Hypereutectic Al–Si alloy, Near-Net Shape Forming, Visco-Plastic Flow, Refinement of Particle

References

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[2]	S. Uemura, Y. Noda, Y. Shinohara, and Y. Watanabe, Development and Application of Functionally Graded Materials (2003), CMC Publishing Co. Ltd.
[3]	Y. Fukui, “Fundamental Investigation of Functionally Gradient Material Manufacturing System using Centrifugal Force”, JSME International Journal Series III, Vol. 34, No. 1 (1991), pp. 144-148.
[4]	Y. Fukui, N. Yamanaka, and Y. Enokida, “Bending strength of an Al-Al3Ni functionally graded material”, Composites B, Vol. 28B, Nos. 1,2 (1997), pp. 37-43.
[5]	Y. Watanabe, N. Yamanaka, and Y. Fukui, “Control of composition gradient in a metal-ceramic functionally graded material manufactured by the centrifugal method”, Composites A, Vol. 29A, Nos. 5,6 (1998), pp. 595-601.
[6]	Y. Watanabe, N. Yamanaka, and Y. Fukui, “Wear behavior of Al-Al3Ti Composite Manufactured by a Centrifugal Method”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 30A, No. 11 (1999), pp.3253-3261.
[7]	Y. Fukui, H. Okada, N. Kumazawa, and Y. Watanabe, “Near Net Shape Forming of Al-Al3Ni FGM over Eutectic Melting Temperature”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 31A, No. 10 (2000), pp. 2627-2636.
[8]	K. Yamagiwa, Y. Watanabe, K. Matsuda, Y. Fukui, and P. Kapranos, “Characteristic of Al-Al3Fe Eco- Functionally Graded Material through Near-Net-Shape Forming over Eutectic Melting Temperature”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. A416, Nos. 1-2 (2006), pp. 80-91.
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[12]	T. Magnusson, and L. Arnberg, “Density and Solidification Shrinkage of Hypoeutectic Aluminum-Silicon Alloys”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 32A, No. 10 (2001), pp. 2605-2613.
[13]	K. Ohsaka, S.K. Chung, W.K. Rhim, and J.C. Holzer, “Densities of Si determined by an image digitizing technique in combination with an electrostatic levitator”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 70 (1997), pp. 423-425.
[14]	R.K. Endo, Y. Fujihara, and M. Susa, “Calculation of density and heat capacity of silicon by molecular dynamics simulation” High Temperatures - High Pressures, Vol. 35/36 (2006), pp. 505-512.
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APA Style

Yasuyoshi Fukui, Daisaku Nara, Kazuyo Fushimi, Mitsuhiro Nakao, Noriyoshi Kumazawa. (2015). Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13

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ACS Style

Yasuyoshi Fukui; Daisaku Nara; Kazuyo Fushimi; Mitsuhiro Nakao; Noriyoshi Kumazawa. Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2015, 4(1), 12-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13

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AMA Style

Yasuyoshi Fukui, Daisaku Nara, Kazuyo Fushimi, Mitsuhiro Nakao, Noriyoshi Kumazawa. Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2015;4(1):12-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13,
  author = {Yasuyoshi Fukui and Daisaku Nara and Kazuyo Fushimi and Mitsuhiro Nakao and Noriyoshi Kumazawa},
  title = {Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20150401.13},
  abstract = {A work toward practical usage of hypereutectic Al–25 mass% Si alloy, which exhibits superior properties, as a functionally graded material (FGM) was done. The Al–Si FGM, which is based on the concept of overcoming the limitations imposed by the presence of a hard silicon phase in an aluminum matrix, was generated by a vacuum centrifugal method as a thick-walled tube. Grain coarsening, which is the primary disadvantage of the centrifugal method, was observed. The fraction of silicon phase in the tube unexpectedly varied from greater than 60 mass% at the outer surface to 15 mass% at the inner surface because of the greater density of molten silicon compared to that of the eutectic melt. Thus, the outer region of the tube was lighter than the inner region after solidification. FGM billets for near-net shape forming were machined from the thick-walled tube and were formed into an Al–Si FGM cup using a backward extruding. The products of the FGM cup were successfully manufactured in the temperature range from 853 K (580 ºC) to 863 K (590 ºC) through visco-plastic deformation. The fraction of silicon phase in the FGM cup varied from greater than 70 mass% Si at the formed cup bottom region to less than 15 mass% Si at the cup wall region. Coarse silicon particles were refined irrespective of the pre-existence of elongated spindle-shaped particles under some experimental conditions. The optimum operating conditions were inferred to be high-speed operation at approximately 853 K (580 °C), which was just above the melting point of the eutectic Al–Si alloy.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method
AU  - Yasuyoshi Fukui
AU  - Daisaku Nara
AU  - Kazuyo Fushimi
AU  - Mitsuhiro Nakao
AU  - Noriyoshi Kumazawa
Y1  - 2015/01/20
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 12
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13
AB  - A work toward practical usage of hypereutectic Al–25 mass% Si alloy, which exhibits superior properties, as a functionally graded material (FGM) was done. The Al–Si FGM, which is based on the concept of overcoming the limitations imposed by the presence of a hard silicon phase in an aluminum matrix, was generated by a vacuum centrifugal method as a thick-walled tube. Grain coarsening, which is the primary disadvantage of the centrifugal method, was observed. The fraction of silicon phase in the tube unexpectedly varied from greater than 60 mass% at the outer surface to 15 mass% at the inner surface because of the greater density of molten silicon compared to that of the eutectic melt. Thus, the outer region of the tube was lighter than the inner region after solidification. FGM billets for near-net shape forming were machined from the thick-walled tube and were formed into an Al–Si FGM cup using a backward extruding. The products of the FGM cup were successfully manufactured in the temperature range from 853 K (580 ºC) to 863 K (590 ºC) through visco-plastic deformation. The fraction of silicon phase in the FGM cup varied from greater than 70 mass% Si at the formed cup bottom region to less than 15 mass% Si at the cup wall region. Coarse silicon particles were refined irrespective of the pre-existence of elongated spindle-shaped particles under some experimental conditions. The optimum operating conditions were inferred to be high-speed operation at approximately 853 K (580 °C), which was just above the melting point of the eutectic Al–Si alloy.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Yasuyoshi Fukui

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Daisaku Nara

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Kazuyo Fushimi

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Mitsuhiro Nakao

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Noriyoshi Kumazawa

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

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APA Style

Yasuyoshi Fukui, Daisaku Nara, Kazuyo Fushimi, Mitsuhiro Nakao, Noriyoshi Kumazawa. (2015). Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13

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ACS Style

Yasuyoshi Fukui; Daisaku Nara; Kazuyo Fushimi; Mitsuhiro Nakao; Noriyoshi Kumazawa. Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2015, 4(1), 12-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13

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AMA Style

Yasuyoshi Fukui, Daisaku Nara, Kazuyo Fushimi, Mitsuhiro Nakao, Noriyoshi Kumazawa. Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2015;4(1):12-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13,
  author = {Yasuyoshi Fukui and Daisaku Nara and Kazuyo Fushimi and Mitsuhiro Nakao and Noriyoshi Kumazawa},
  title = {Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20150401.13},
  abstract = {A work toward practical usage of hypereutectic Al–25 mass% Si alloy, which exhibits superior properties, as a functionally graded material (FGM) was done. The Al–Si FGM, which is based on the concept of overcoming the limitations imposed by the presence of a hard silicon phase in an aluminum matrix, was generated by a vacuum centrifugal method as a thick-walled tube. Grain coarsening, which is the primary disadvantage of the centrifugal method, was observed. The fraction of silicon phase in the tube unexpectedly varied from greater than 60 mass% at the outer surface to 15 mass% at the inner surface because of the greater density of molten silicon compared to that of the eutectic melt. Thus, the outer region of the tube was lighter than the inner region after solidification. FGM billets for near-net shape forming were machined from the thick-walled tube and were formed into an Al–Si FGM cup using a backward extruding. The products of the FGM cup were successfully manufactured in the temperature range from 853 K (580 ºC) to 863 K (590 ºC) through visco-plastic deformation. The fraction of silicon phase in the FGM cup varied from greater than 70 mass% Si at the formed cup bottom region to less than 15 mass% Si at the cup wall region. Coarse silicon particles were refined irrespective of the pre-existence of elongated spindle-shaped particles under some experimental conditions. The optimum operating conditions were inferred to be high-speed operation at approximately 853 K (580 °C), which was just above the melting point of the eutectic Al–Si alloy.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of the Near-Net Shape Forming on Silicon Morphology in an Al–Si Functionally Graded Material Generated by the Centrifugal Method
AU  - Yasuyoshi Fukui
AU  - Daisaku Nara
AU  - Kazuyo Fushimi
AU  - Mitsuhiro Nakao
AU  - Noriyoshi Kumazawa
Y1  - 2015/01/20
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 12
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.13
AB  - A work toward practical usage of hypereutectic Al–25 mass% Si alloy, which exhibits superior properties, as a functionally graded material (FGM) was done. The Al–Si FGM, which is based on the concept of overcoming the limitations imposed by the presence of a hard silicon phase in an aluminum matrix, was generated by a vacuum centrifugal method as a thick-walled tube. Grain coarsening, which is the primary disadvantage of the centrifugal method, was observed. The fraction of silicon phase in the tube unexpectedly varied from greater than 60 mass% at the outer surface to 15 mass% at the inner surface because of the greater density of molten silicon compared to that of the eutectic melt. Thus, the outer region of the tube was lighter than the inner region after solidification. FGM billets for near-net shape forming were machined from the thick-walled tube and were formed into an Al–Si FGM cup using a backward extruding. The products of the FGM cup were successfully manufactured in the temperature range from 853 K (580 ºC) to 863 K (590 ºC) through visco-plastic deformation. The fraction of silicon phase in the FGM cup varied from greater than 70 mass% Si at the formed cup bottom region to less than 15 mass% Si at the cup wall region. Coarse silicon particles were refined irrespective of the pre-existence of elongated spindle-shaped particles under some experimental conditions. The optimum operating conditions were inferred to be high-speed operation at approximately 853 K (580 °C), which was just above the melting point of the eutectic Al–Si alloy.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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