Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory

Jean Jacques Mashimango Bagalwa; Prince Kilamwaka Nshombo; Antoine Kaguku Nfundiko; Katcho Karume

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11

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Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory

Jean Jacques Mashimango Bagalwa^*, Prince Kilamwaka Nshombo, Antoine Kaguku Nfundiko, Katcho Karume

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 6)

Received: 20 October 2025 Accepted: 31 October 2025 Published: 11 December 2025

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Abstract

Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in tropical countries and especially in DR Congo. One of the main preventive measures against trematode infection is the control of the disease vector population through the use of molluscicides. The objective of this work is focused on the fight against bilharzia intermediate host snails using extracts of the Neorautanenia mitis plant from the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo against the snails Biomphalaria pfeifferi intermediate host of bilharziasis. For the identification of the different characteristics of the plant, we used phytochemical tests based on color or precipitation reactions and a test of molluscicidal activities to know the lethal concentrations of the extracts were carried out. Analysis of the plant Neorautanenia mitis shows that this plant is pharmacologically active against snail intermediate hosts of bilharziasis. It contains phenol, terpene and saponin which are recognized as molluscicidal and insecticidal substances. The mortality rate is greater than 50% at a concentration of up to 0.002mg/L of the crude extracts in ethanol of this plant. This plant is very poisonous than these other plants. But the responsible substance is not yet well determined and deserves very detailed studies of the extraction of the different responsible substances and their tests on molluscs before determining the structure of this substance.

Published in	International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11
Page(s)	113-118
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Molluscicidal Plant, Neorautanenia Mitis, Aqueous Extracts, Organic Extracts, Phytochemistry, Molluscicidal Activity

1. Introduction

Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) is a socioeconomic public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries caused by the trematode schistosoma. It is ranked as the second parasitic disease after malaria and the third most common parasitic disease in the world

[1, 2]

. It is caused by worms related to the order of trematodes (Distoma) of the genus schistosoma, transmitted by infested freshwater snails

[3]

. Trematodes are parasitic flatworms that infest different parts of the body (eg, blood vessels, digestive tract, lungs, liver) depending on the species

[4]

About 200 million people in 74 tropical and subtropical countries of the world are infected with schistosomiasis, and about 20 million suffer serious consequences from the disease. An estimated 600 million people are reported to be at risk for this disease, and around one million people die each year from complications of schistosomiasis

[5]

. In endemic areas, particularly in Africa, schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem

[6]

. Although the incidence of this disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo is relatively low compared to other countries, there are however several active foci of this parasite

[3, 7]

. The work of Bagalwa and Baluku

[8]

shows that Biomphalaria pfeifferi is the only intermediate host snail recognized in the province of South Kivu responsible for Schistosoma mansoni, which is widespread in the region. This snail is widespread in several aquatic systems, including rivers, ponds, streams, marshes, lakes and especially in places frequented by the population for swimming, laundry and washing

[9]

. The rate of infestation in the population in the region is only increasing following the increase in risk due to poverty and the search for well-being of the population

[10]

. One of the main preventive measures against trematode infection is the control of the disease vector population through the use of molluscicides. This method is used in the laboratory of the Lwiro Natural Science Research Center for the preservation of the environment

[10]

. And also, because the use of synthetic compounds is very expensive, can cause the possibility of vector resistance to these compounds in addition to their toxicity to non-target organisms are all advantages of using plant molluscicides.

The use of plants with molluscicidal properties has become simpler and less expensive, particularly in underdeveloped countries

[11, 12]

. Among the work carried out in Lwiro's laboratory, the saponins isolated from the plants Solanum syzymbrilifolium, Polyschias fulva and Myrica salisifolia contain saponins which confer this toxicity on them

[13, 14]

against the molluscs Biomphalaria pfeifferi

[8]

. Indeed, the potential use of molluscicidal plants has received considerable attention using techniques commonly employed in phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Plant extracts have the advantage that, in addition to being less toxic in nature, they can be degraded faster than expensive synthetic molluscicides

[15]

. This work is part of the same perspective as that of our predecessors to expand and diversify the plants used in the fight against snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. But it will be limited to molluscicidal activity tests of aqueous and organic extracts and to phytochemical screening of the Neorautanenia mitis plant from eastern Democratic Republic of Congo against the molluscs Biomphalaria pfeifferi, intermediate host of bilharziasis.

2. Material and Methods

2.1. Plant Material

The samples of the bulb of Neorautanenia mitis which are the subject of this study were collected in Kamanyola, in South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo. After the harvest, the plant was identified in the Botany laboratory of the Center for Research in Natural Sciences (CRSN-Lwiro) where a specimen was kept. Then the bulb of this plant was dried in the sun then crushed using a mortar and pestle then sieved with a granulometric sieve of 250 micrometers in diameter. After this operation, a fine powder is obtained and should be kept in a labeled plastic bag. Preparation of extracts 30g of plant powder were macerated for 24 hours in 300ml of deionized water. After the required time we filtered the extract using a filter paper and a funnel. Part of the collected aqueous filter was vaporized dry and we obtained a residue. The other part of aqueous extracts was kept for the phytochemical screening test. Similarly, 30 g of plant powder was also macerated in 300ml of 70% Ethanol for 24 hours. We carried out the filtration to have the ethanolic or organic extracts. A part was evaporated to dryness and we obtained a residue which was used for subsequent tests. The other part was kept for phytochemical screening.

2.2. Phytochemical Screening

The main families of secondary metabolites were sought by either color reactions, or by formation of a precipitate, turbidity or opacity in test tubes according to the classic methods of characterization on the powder of the plant studied. Tannins and polyphenols were identified by the FeCl₃ test and Stiasny's reagent; flavonoids by test of Shibata

[15]

; saponins by the foam test; the triterpenes and steroids by the Liebermann-Burchard test and finally the alkaloids by the Dragendorff tests. Wagner and de Mayer

[16]

. Acetic anhydride and concentrated sulfuric acid were needed to search for sterols and polyterpenes by the Libermann reaction

[17]

. The glycosides were identified by adding 2mL of chloroform to 3ml of the extract, the appearance of a reddish-brown color after the addition of H₂SO₄ indicates the presence of the glycosides. The presence of quinone is confirmed by adding a few drops of NaOH 1/10 to a petroleum ether extract, when the aqueous phase turns yellow, red or purple.

2.3. Preparation of Dilutions

The various residues obtained during the evaporation of the aqueous and organic extracts were redissolved in a quantity of water to make total and organic extracts. We prepared dilute solutions of 1/10 and 1/100 and intermediate solutions, if necessary, from the initial solution obtained after weighing the extraction residues. All the solutions were prepared in triplicate (three replications for each dilution of the extracts of this plant and for the controls).

2.4. Collection of Snail and Authors Aquatic Biodiversity

The molluscs were removed using a kick net, with a small 2 mm mesh, hung on a wooden handle

[18]

. After identification at the Malacology laboratory of the Lwiro Natural Science Research Center (CRSN), molluscs and other non-target macro-invertebrates were separated according to their morphology and counted.

The identification of the harvested molluscs was made according to the determination key of Brown

[19, 20]

and the macro-invertebrates by the keys of Micha and Noiset

[21]

, Tachet and Noiset

[22]

and Pennak

[23]

. The molluscs and other macro-invertebrates thus identified were kept in aquariums in the laboratory before the experiment. The fish were also harvested in the CRSN/Lwiro water mirror and in the small streams using this kick net. The fish found were also kept in the aquaria after identification in the laboratory where the aeration conditions were permanent

[13]

2.5. Activity Test

The protocol followed for the potency test is that of Ayi et al.

[24]

and Chifundera et al.

[25]

. We used 5 individuals per species of non-target molluscs and macro-invertebrates including: molluscs (Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Lymnaea natalensis, Physa acuta), macroinvertebrates (Coenagrionidaea, Libellilidaea and Baetidae), fish (Oreochromis nilotica and Barbus sp) for testing. The counting took place after 24 hours of exposure to the extracts. The molluscs, macro-invertebrates and fish from the test tanks were put in tap water before evaluating the mortality rate at the Malacology laboratory of the Lwiro Natural Science Research Center (CRSN). The mortality rate of molluscs, non-target macro-invertebrates and fish was calculated by the following formula:

Mortality rate (%) = \frac{Number of dead individuals per species x 100}{Total number of individuals for each species}

2.6. Determination of Lethal Concentration

To determine the lethal concentration, we used the regression curve on the PAST software. This curve draws a graph on the abscissa which plots the concentrations (mg/ml) and on the ordinate on the mortality rate

[26]

. The calculation of the LC50 is applied only to the extracts which did not give the concentration which kills 50% of the species tested. Results Phytochemical screening The results of the photochemical screening of the plant Neorautanenia mitis gives the group of natural organic substances presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Phytochemical screening results.

No	Substances	Neorautanea metis
1	Saponin	+++
2	Alkaloids	++
3	Flavonoids	++
4	Tannoids	++
5	Terpenoids	+++
6	Steroids	+++
7	Lipoids	+++
8	Glycosides	+++
9	Phenols	+++
10	Quinone	+

Legend: +++= Strong positive test ++= Test positive += Slightly positive test

It appears from this table that the plant Neorautanenia mitis has a strongly positive concentration in saponin, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, and phenol. This concentration is moderately positive in flavonoids, alkaloids and tannoids. It also has a slightly positive quinone concentration.

2.7. Molluscicidal Activity of Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Extracts

The molluscicidal activity of the aqueous extracts of the plant Neorautanenia mitis is presented in Table 2 below.

Table 2. Molluscicidal activity of aqueous extracts of Neorautanenia mitis in the laboratory.

	Mortality rate (%) according to concentrations
	0.2mg/L	0.02mg/L	0.002mg/L
Biomphalaria pfeifferi	100	100	0
Lymnaea natalensis	100	100	0
Physa acuta	100	100	0

This table shows that the mortality rate is 100% of the snail at the concentration of 0.02mg/L for the aqueous extracts and it is 0% for the concentration of 0.002mg/L. At this concentration, the aqueous extracts of the Neorautanenia mitis plant have no molluscicidal effect. As for the ethanolic extracts of Neorautanenia mitis, the mortality rate according to the concentration is presented in Table 3.

Table 3. Molluscicidal activity of ethanolic extracts of Neorautanenia mitis in the laboratory.

	Mortality rate (%) according to concentrations
	0.2mg/L	0.02mg/L	0.002mg/L
Biomphalaria pfeifferi	100	100	67
Lymnaea natalensis	100	100	60
Physa acuta	100	100	60

For the ethanolic extracts the concentration of 0.002mg/L still has a molluscicidal activity. The mortality rate is over 50%. This shows that the substances responsible for the molluscicidal activity are more soluble in ethanol than in water. Determination of lethal concentration.

The lethal concentration of Neorautanenia mitis plant extracts in the laboratory is shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Molluscicide LC100, LC50 and LC00 lethal concentration of the plant Neorautanenia mitis.

	CL₁₀₀		CL₅₀		CL₀₀
	Aqueous	Ethanolic	Aqueous	Ethanolic	Aqueous	Ethanolic
Biomphalaria pfeifferi	0.02	0.02	0.11	0.006	0.002	0.002
Lymnaea natalensis	0.02	0.02	0.11	0.006	0.002	0.002
Physa acuta	0.02	0.02	0.11	0.006	0.002	0.002

This table shows that the lethal concentrations obtained in the different solvents (aqueous and organic) do not vary for the LC₁₀₀ and LC₀₀ but they vary for the LC₅₀ only.

Effect of aqueous and organic extracts of Neorautanenia mitis on aquatic fauna

The evaluation of the impact of aqueous and organic extracts of Neorautanenia mitis on aquatic fauna is presented in Table 5.

Table 5. Effect of aqueous and organic extracts of Neorautanenia mitis on aquatic fauna.

	Aqueous (mg/L)			Ethanolic (mg/L)
	0.2	0.02	0.002	0.2	0.02	0.002
Macro-invertebrates
Coenagrionidae	100	100	0	100	100	0
Libellidae	100	100	0	100	100	0
Baetidae	100	100	0	100	100	0
Fish
Oreochromis nilotica	100	100	100	100	100	100
Barbus sp	100	100	100	100	100	100

From this table it appears that the mortality rate of snails and macro-invertebrates is similar to the concentrations of the Neorautanenia mitis extracts. But fish are sensitive to all exposed concentrations.

3. Discussion

The analysis of the plant Neorautanenia mitis shows that this plant is pharmacologically active against the intermediate host snails of bilharziasis. Indeed, phenol, terpene and saponin are recognized as molluscicidal and insecticidal substances

[25]

and these substances are found in this plant. These substances contained in this plant would probably be what gives the molluscicidal activity to these extracts. The aqueous extracts of Neorautanenia mitis are very active than other plants such as Maesa lancealata, Solanum syzibrilifolium, Blighia welwitchii and Casia didymobotriya recognized as molluscicides by our predecessors

[13, 15]

. Our results prove that Neorautanenia mitis extracts are toxic against snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis at low concentrations. The mortality rate is greater than 50% at a concentration of up to 0.002mg/L of the crude extracts in ethanol of this plant. This shows that the substances responsible for the molluscicidal activity are more soluble in ethanol than in water.

The different lethal doses are lower than the concentrations of the other plants Solanum syzybrilifolium (0.6mg/mL for Solamargine)

[13]

and Maesa lanceolata (1mg/mL)

[15]

. This plant is very molluscicidal than these other plants. But the responsible substance is not yet well determined and deserves very detailed studies of the extraction of the different responsible substances and their tests on snails before determining the structure of this substance. These results are comparable to those found by our predecessors for Solanum syzybrilifolium extracts

[13]

. WHO studies

[27]

also show that molluscicidal plants have a higher toxicity effect on fish than on the target snails.

Abbreviations

OMS	Organisation Mondiale de la Sante
WHO	World Heath organisation

Conflicts of Interest

We declare that there is no conflict of interest with the publication of this manuscript.

References

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Bagalwa, J. J. M., Nshombo, P. K., Nfundiko, A. K., Karume, K. (2025). Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 11(6), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11

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Bagalwa, J. J. M.; Nshombo, P. K.; Nfundiko, A. K.; Karume, K. Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2025, 11(6), 113-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11

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Bagalwa JJM, Nshombo PK, Nfundiko AK, Karume K. Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory. Int J Pharm Chem. 2025;11(6):113-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11,
  author = {Jean Jacques Mashimango Bagalwa and Prince Kilamwaka Nshombo and Antoine Kaguku Nfundiko and Katcho Karume},
  title = {Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {6},
  pages = {113-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20251106.11},
  abstract = {Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in tropical countries and especially in DR Congo. One of the main preventive measures against trematode infection is the control of the disease vector population through the use of molluscicides. The objective of this work is focused on the fight against bilharzia intermediate host snails using extracts of the Neorautanenia mitis plant from the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo against the snails Biomphalaria pfeifferi intermediate host of bilharziasis. For the identification of the different characteristics of the plant, we used phytochemical tests based on color or precipitation reactions and a test of molluscicidal activities to know the lethal concentrations of the extracts were carried out. Analysis of the plant Neorautanenia mitis shows that this plant is pharmacologically active against snail intermediate hosts of bilharziasis. It contains phenol, terpene and saponin which are recognized as molluscicidal and insecticidal substances. The mortality rate is greater than 50% at a concentration of up to 0.002mg/L of the crude extracts in ethanol of this plant. This plant is very poisonous than these other plants. But the responsible substance is not yet well determined and deserves very detailed studies of the extraction of the different responsible substances and their tests on molluscs before determining the structure of this substance.},
 year = {2025}
}

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JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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AB  - Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in tropical countries and especially in DR Congo. One of the main preventive measures against trematode infection is the control of the disease vector population through the use of molluscicides. The objective of this work is focused on the fight against bilharzia intermediate host snails using extracts of the Neorautanenia mitis plant from the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo against the snails Biomphalaria pfeifferi intermediate host of bilharziasis. For the identification of the different characteristics of the plant, we used phytochemical tests based on color or precipitation reactions and a test of molluscicidal activities to know the lethal concentrations of the extracts were carried out. Analysis of the plant Neorautanenia mitis shows that this plant is pharmacologically active against snail intermediate hosts of bilharziasis. It contains phenol, terpene and saponin which are recognized as molluscicidal and insecticidal substances. The mortality rate is greater than 50% at a concentration of up to 0.002mg/L of the crude extracts in ethanol of this plant. This plant is very poisonous than these other plants. But the responsible substance is not yet well determined and deserves very detailed studies of the extraction of the different responsible substances and their tests on molluscs before determining the structure of this substance.
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Author Information

Jean Jacques Mashimango Bagalwa

Department of Biology, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Lwiro, Democratic Republic of Congo;Faculté de Médecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo

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Prince Kilamwaka Nshombo

Faculte des Sciences Environnementales, Université du Cinquantenaire de Lwiro, Kabare, République Démocratique du Congo
Antoine Kaguku Nfundiko

Faculté de Médecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo;Département de Chirurgie, Hopital de Panzi, Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo
Katcho Karume

Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo;Centre de Recherche en Géothermie, Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo

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Bagalwa, J. J. M., Nshombo, P. K., Nfundiko, A. K., Karume, K. (2025). Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 11(6), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11

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Bagalwa, J. J. M.; Nshombo, P. K.; Nfundiko, A. K.; Karume, K. Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2025, 11(6), 113-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11

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Bagalwa JJM, Nshombo PK, Nfundiko AK, Karume K. Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory. Int J Pharm Chem. 2025;11(6):113-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11,
  author = {Jean Jacques Mashimango Bagalwa and Prince Kilamwaka Nshombo and Antoine Kaguku Nfundiko and Katcho Karume},
  title = {Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {6},
  pages = {113-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20251106.11},
  abstract = {Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in tropical countries and especially in DR Congo. One of the main preventive measures against trematode infection is the control of the disease vector population through the use of molluscicides. The objective of this work is focused on the fight against bilharzia intermediate host snails using extracts of the Neorautanenia mitis plant from the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo against the snails Biomphalaria pfeifferi intermediate host of bilharziasis. For the identification of the different characteristics of the plant, we used phytochemical tests based on color or precipitation reactions and a test of molluscicidal activities to know the lethal concentrations of the extracts were carried out. Analysis of the plant Neorautanenia mitis shows that this plant is pharmacologically active against snail intermediate hosts of bilharziasis. It contains phenol, terpene and saponin which are recognized as molluscicidal and insecticidal substances. The mortality rate is greater than 50% at a concentration of up to 0.002mg/L of the crude extracts in ethanol of this plant. This plant is very poisonous than these other plants. But the responsible substance is not yet well determined and deserves very detailed studies of the extraction of the different responsible substances and their tests on molluscs before determining the structure of this substance.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of the Molluscicidal Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Neorautanenia Mitis Plant Against Snail Intermediate Hosts of Bilharziasis in the Laboratory
AU  - Jean Jacques Mashimango Bagalwa
AU  - Prince Kilamwaka Nshombo
AU  - Antoine Kaguku Nfundiko
AU  - Katcho Karume
Y1  - 2025/12/11
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 113
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20251106.11
AB  - Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in tropical countries and especially in DR Congo. One of the main preventive measures against trematode infection is the control of the disease vector population through the use of molluscicides. The objective of this work is focused on the fight against bilharzia intermediate host snails using extracts of the Neorautanenia mitis plant from the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo against the snails Biomphalaria pfeifferi intermediate host of bilharziasis. For the identification of the different characteristics of the plant, we used phytochemical tests based on color or precipitation reactions and a test of molluscicidal activities to know the lethal concentrations of the extracts were carried out. Analysis of the plant Neorautanenia mitis shows that this plant is pharmacologically active against snail intermediate hosts of bilharziasis. It contains phenol, terpene and saponin which are recognized as molluscicidal and insecticidal substances. The mortality rate is greater than 50% at a concentration of up to 0.002mg/L of the crude extracts in ethanol of this plant. This plant is very poisonous than these other plants. But the responsible substance is not yet well determined and deserves very detailed studies of the extraction of the different responsible substances and their tests on molluscs before determining the structure of this substance.
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
ER  -

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