Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

An EpiMod-QR/Alt Code-Based Model for Smart Campus Attendance Management Using the Differential Transform Method

Received: 17 April 2025     Accepted: 4 May 2025     Published: 12 June 2025
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This study presents the Epidemiological Quick Response and Alternative Code (EpiMod-QR/Alt) system, an innovative framework designed to address attendance management challenges in certain Nigerian higher institutions. By integrating QR/Alt code technology with compartmental differential equation modeling, the system offers real-time tracking, predictive analysis, and actionable insights for data-driven decision-making. Leveraging the Differential Transform Method (DTM), the system solves the underlying differential equations with enhanced computational efficiency and accuracy. The model categorizes students into dynamic compartments—scheduled, attending, and absent—allowing for continuous monitoring and analysis of attendance trends. The EpiMod-QR/Alt system is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional and semi-digital attendance systems, such as inaccuracy, time inefficiency, and lack of scalability. It supports hybrid learning environments by accommodating both physical and virtual attendance tracking, ensuring that data collection remains seamless and secure. Through theoretical validation and simulated scenarios, including fixed policies and dynamic interventions, the system demonstrates adaptability and robustness across diverse institutional contexts. Results indicate that the system significantly reduces absenteeism, improves administrative oversight, and supports the optimal allocation of institutional resources. Its predictive capabilities enable proactive interventions and long-term planning, aligning with the broader goals of smart campus transformation. The research lays the groundwork for practical implementation and highlights potential for future enhancements, including the integration of machine learning algorithms and expansion to multi-campus systems. By combining mathematical modeling with technological innovation, the EpiMod-QR/Alt system offers a scalable, efficient, and intelligent solution to modern attendance management in higher education.

Published in International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12
Page(s) 27-40
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Attendance Management, Differential Transform Method (DTM), Epidemiological Model, Hybrid Learning, Predictive Analytics

References
[1] Adeniyi, I. S., Al Hamad, N. M., Adewusi, O. E., Unachukwu, C. C., Osawaru, B., Chilson, O. U.,... & David, I. O. (2024). Reviewing online learning effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A global perspective. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(1), 1676-1685.
[2] Ahmed, V., Khatri, M. F., Bahroun, Z., & Basheer, N. (2023). Optimizing smart campus solutions: An evidential reasoning decision support tool. Smart Cities, 6(5), 2308-2346.
[3] Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R.,... & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools' digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 6695-6726.
[4] Polin, K., Yigitcanlar, T., Limb, M., & Washington, T. (2023). The making of smart campus: A review and conceptual framework. Buildings, 13(4), 891.
[5] Sneesl, R., Jusoh, Y. Y., Jabar, M. A., Abdullah, S., & Bukar, U. A. (2022). Factors affecting the adoption of IoT-based smart campus: An investigation using analytical hierarchical process (AHP). Sustainability, 14(14), 8359.
[6] Rahman, W. F. W. A., & Roslan, N. A. S. (2023). The development of a face recognition-based mobile application for student attendance recording. Journal of ICT in Education, 10(1), 40-55.
[7] Siew, E. S. K., Chong, Z. Y., Sze, S. N., & Hardi, R. (2023). Streamlining attendance management in education: A web-based system combining facial recognition and QR code technology. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 33(2), 198-208.
[8] Azouri, M., & Karam, J. (2023). From In-Person to Hybrid Learning Mode. In Governance in Higher Education: Global Reform and Trends in the MENA Region (pp. 61-88). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
[9] Gross, G., Ling, R., Richardson, B., & Quan, N. (2023). In-person or virtual training?: Comparing the effectiveness of community-based training. American Journal of Distance Education, 37(1), 66-77.
[10] Edeki, S. O., Adinya, I., Adeosun, M. E., & Ezekiel, I. D. (2020). Mathematical analysis of the global COVID-19 spread in Nigeria and Spain based on SEIRD model. Commun. Math. Biol. Neurosci., 2020, Article-ID.
[11] Zhang, Y., Yip, C., Lu, E., & Dong, Z. Y. (2022). A systematic review on technologies and applications in smart campus: A human-centered case study. IEEE Access, 10, 16134-16149.
[12] AlNajdi, S. M. (2022). The effectiveness of using augmented reality (AR) to enhance student performance: Using quick response (QR) codes in student textbooks in the Saudi education system. Educational technology research and development, 70(3), 1105-1124.
[13] Zhao, M., Zhao, G., & Qu, M. (2022). College smart classroom attendance management system based on internet of things. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022(1), 4953721.6149.
[14] El-Mawla, A., Ismaiel, M., & Team, A. S. Q. R. (2022). Smart attendance system using QR-code, finger print and face recognition. Nile Journal of Communication and Computer Science, 2(1), 1-16.
[15] Khanna, A., Singh, D., Monga, R., Kumar, T., Dhull, I., & Sheikh, T. H. (2023). Integration of blockchain-enabled SBT and QR code technology for secure verification of digital documents. In A. Swaroop, Z. Polkowski, S. D. Correia, & B. Virdee (Eds.), Proceedings of Data Analytics and Management. ICDAM 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 788). Springer.
[16] Dong, Z. Y., Zhang, Y., Yip, C., Swift, S., & Beswick, K. (2020). Smart campus: Definition, framework, technologies, and services. IET Smart Cities, 2(1), 43-54.
[17] Ferreira Jr, D., Oliveira, J. L., Santos, C., Filho, T., Ribeiro, M., Freitas, L. A., Moreira, W., & Oliveira-Jr, A. (2022). Planning and optimization of software-defined and virtualized IoT gateway deployment for smart campuses. Sensors, 22(13), 4710.
[18] Paspatis, A., Fiorentzis, K., Katsigiannis, Y., & Karapidakis, E. (2022). Smart campus microgrids towards a sustainable energy transition—The case study of the Hellenic Mediterranean University in Crete. Mathematics, 10(7), 1065.
[19] Cheong, P. H., & Nyaupane, P. (2022). Smart campus communication, Internet of Things, and data governance: Understanding student tensions and imaginaries. Big Data & Society, 9(1), 20539517221092656.
[20] Ha, C. Y., Khoo, T. J., & Loh, J. X. (2023). Barriers to green building implementation in Malaysia: A systematic review. Progress in Energy and Environment, 11-21.
[21] Silva-da-Nóbrega, P. I., Chim-Miki, A. F., & Castillo-Palacio, M. (2022). A smart campus framework: Challenges and opportunities for education based on the sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 14(15), 9640.
[22] Schlage-Puchta, J. C. (2021). Optimal version of the Picard–Lindelöf theorem. Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations.
[23] Edeki, S. O., & Azu-Nwosu, V. E. (2024). Deposit insurance modeling based on standard power option payoff using Picard–Lindelöf iteration. Annals of Financial Economics, 19(3), 2450013.
[24] Ali, K., Faridi, A. A., Khan, N., Nisar, K. S., & Ahmad, S. (2023). On the suitability of differential transform method for solving the self‐similar channel flow problems. ZAMM‐Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics/Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 103(1), e202100358.
[25] Edeki, S. O., Jena, R. M., Chakraverty, S., & Baleanu, D. (2020). Coupled transform method for time-space fractional Black-Scholes option pricing model. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(5), 3239–3246.
[26] Kadhem, M. F., & Alfayadh, A. H. (2022). Mixed Homotopy integral transform method for solving non-linear integro-differential equation. Al-Nahrain Journal of Science, 25(1), 35-40.
[27] Edeki, S. O., Jena, R. M., Ogundile, O. P., & Chakraverty, S. (2021). PDTM for the solution of a time-fractional barrier option Black-Scholes model. Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, Volume 1734.
[28] Hetmaniok, E., Pleszczyński, M., & Khan, Y. (2022). Solving the integral differential equations with delayed argument by using the DTM method. Sensors, 22(11), 4124.
[29] Magani, J. K., Ogundile, O. P., & Edeki, S. O. (2022). A numerical technique for solving infectious disease model. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2199, 1, 012006). IOP Publishing.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sanubi, H. O., Aduge, A. (2025). An EpiMod-QR/Alt Code-Based Model for Smart Campus Attendance Management Using the Differential Transform Method. International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics, 10(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Sanubi, H. O.; Aduge, A. An EpiMod-QR/Alt Code-Based Model for Smart Campus Attendance Management Using the Differential Transform Method. Int. J. Syst. Sci. Appl. Math. 2025, 10(2), 27-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Sanubi HO, Aduge A. An EpiMod-QR/Alt Code-Based Model for Smart Campus Attendance Management Using the Differential Transform Method. Int J Syst Sci Appl Math. 2025;10(2):27-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12,
      author = {Helen Onovwerosuoke Sanubi and Augustine Aduge},
      title = {An EpiMod-QR/Alt Code-Based Model for Smart Campus Attendance Management Using the Differential Transform Method
    },
      journal = {International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {27-40},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijssam.20251002.12},
      abstract = {This study presents the Epidemiological Quick Response and Alternative Code (EpiMod-QR/Alt) system, an innovative framework designed to address attendance management challenges in certain Nigerian higher institutions. By integrating QR/Alt code technology with compartmental differential equation modeling, the system offers real-time tracking, predictive analysis, and actionable insights for data-driven decision-making. Leveraging the Differential Transform Method (DTM), the system solves the underlying differential equations with enhanced computational efficiency and accuracy. The model categorizes students into dynamic compartments—scheduled, attending, and absent—allowing for continuous monitoring and analysis of attendance trends. The EpiMod-QR/Alt system is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional and semi-digital attendance systems, such as inaccuracy, time inefficiency, and lack of scalability. It supports hybrid learning environments by accommodating both physical and virtual attendance tracking, ensuring that data collection remains seamless and secure. Through theoretical validation and simulated scenarios, including fixed policies and dynamic interventions, the system demonstrates adaptability and robustness across diverse institutional contexts. Results indicate that the system significantly reduces absenteeism, improves administrative oversight, and supports the optimal allocation of institutional resources. Its predictive capabilities enable proactive interventions and long-term planning, aligning with the broader goals of smart campus transformation. The research lays the groundwork for practical implementation and highlights potential for future enhancements, including the integration of machine learning algorithms and expansion to multi-campus systems. By combining mathematical modeling with technological innovation, the EpiMod-QR/Alt system offers a scalable, efficient, and intelligent solution to modern attendance management in higher education.
    },
     year = {2025}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - An EpiMod-QR/Alt Code-Based Model for Smart Campus Attendance Management Using the Differential Transform Method
    
    AU  - Helen Onovwerosuoke Sanubi
    AU  - Augustine Aduge
    Y1  - 2025/06/12
    PY  - 2025
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12
    T2  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
    JF  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
    JO  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
    SP  - 27
    EP  - 40
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5803
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20251002.12
    AB  - This study presents the Epidemiological Quick Response and Alternative Code (EpiMod-QR/Alt) system, an innovative framework designed to address attendance management challenges in certain Nigerian higher institutions. By integrating QR/Alt code technology with compartmental differential equation modeling, the system offers real-time tracking, predictive analysis, and actionable insights for data-driven decision-making. Leveraging the Differential Transform Method (DTM), the system solves the underlying differential equations with enhanced computational efficiency and accuracy. The model categorizes students into dynamic compartments—scheduled, attending, and absent—allowing for continuous monitoring and analysis of attendance trends. The EpiMod-QR/Alt system is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional and semi-digital attendance systems, such as inaccuracy, time inefficiency, and lack of scalability. It supports hybrid learning environments by accommodating both physical and virtual attendance tracking, ensuring that data collection remains seamless and secure. Through theoretical validation and simulated scenarios, including fixed policies and dynamic interventions, the system demonstrates adaptability and robustness across diverse institutional contexts. Results indicate that the system significantly reduces absenteeism, improves administrative oversight, and supports the optimal allocation of institutional resources. Its predictive capabilities enable proactive interventions and long-term planning, aligning with the broader goals of smart campus transformation. The research lays the groundwork for practical implementation and highlights potential for future enhancements, including the integration of machine learning algorithms and expansion to multi-campus systems. By combining mathematical modeling with technological innovation, the EpiMod-QR/Alt system offers a scalable, efficient, and intelligent solution to modern attendance management in higher education.
    
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Delta State College of Education, Mosogar, Nigeria

  • Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Delta State College of Education, Mosogar, Nigeria

  • Sections