Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data

Valeriy Kizka

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11

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Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data

Valeriy Kizka

Published in Nuclear Science (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 6 December 2022 Accepted: 26 January 2023 Published: 4 February 2023

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Abstract

The article considers a way to compare large bulks of experimental data with theoretical calculations, in which the quality of theoretical models is clearly demonstrated graphically. The main idea of the method consists in grouping physical observables, represented by experiment and theoretical calculation, into samples, each of which characterizes a certain physical process. A further choice of a convenient criterion for comparing measurements and calculations, its calculation and averaging within each sample and then over all samples, makes it possible to choose the best theoretical model in the entire measurement area. Modern analysis of experimental data and their comparison with calculations in the search for exotic states of nuclear matter, where a huge amount of material has been accumulated over several decades, is still largely carried out by eye. Published theoretical data of the three-fluid dynamic model (3FD) applied to the experimental data from heavy-ion collisions at the energy range s_NN = 2.7 - 63 GeV are used as example of application of the developed methodology. When analyzing the results, the quantum nature of the fireball, created at heavy ion collisions, was taken into account. Thus, even at energy s_NN = 63 GeV of central collisions of heavy ions, there is a nonzero probability of fireball formation without ignition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). At the same time, QGP ignition at central collision energies above at least s_NN = 12 GeV occurs through two competing processes, through a first-order phase transition and through a smooth crossover. That is, in nature, these two possibilities are realized, which occur with approximately the same probabilities. Modern experiment and theory not only does not consider a fireball, born in collisions of relativistic heavy ions, as a quantum object that can have different quantum states with the same energy pumped into it, but the processing of experimental data itself does not provide for the imposition of any triggers to separate these states from each other. This work takes into account the quantum nature of the fireball and the need to analyze all the information accumulated over decades at once.

Published in	Nuclear Science (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11
Page(s)	39-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Relative Criterion, Chi-Square, Heavy Ion Collisions, Deconfined Matter, QGP, Hadronic Matter, Smooth Crossover, Superposition of Quantum States

References

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Valeriy Kizka. (2023). Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data. Nuclear Science, 7(3), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11

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ACS Style

Valeriy Kizka. Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data. Nucl. Sci. 2023, 7(3), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11

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AMA Style

Valeriy Kizka. Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data. Nucl Sci. 2023;7(3):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11,
  author = {Valeriy Kizka},
  title = {Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data},
  journal = {Nuclear Science},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ns.20220703.11},
  abstract = {The article considers a way to compare large bulks of experimental data with theoretical calculations, in which the quality of theoretical models is clearly demonstrated graphically. The main idea of the method consists in grouping physical observables, represented by experiment and theoretical calculation, into samples, each of which characterizes a certain physical process. A further choice of a convenient criterion for comparing measurements and calculations, its calculation and averaging within each sample and then over all samples, makes it possible to choose the best theoretical model in the entire measurement area. Modern analysis of experimental data and their comparison with calculations in the search for exotic states of nuclear matter, where a huge amount of material has been accumulated over several decades, is still largely carried out by eye. Published theoretical data of the three-fluid dynamic model (3FD) applied to the experimental data from heavy-ion collisions at the energy range sNN = 2.7 - 63 GeV are used as example of application of the developed methodology. When analyzing the results, the quantum nature of the fireball, created at heavy ion collisions, was taken into account. Thus, even at energy sNN = 63 GeV of central collisions of heavy ions, there is a nonzero probability of fireball formation without ignition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). At the same time, QGP ignition at central collision energies above at least sNN = 12 GeV occurs through two competing processes, through a first-order phase transition and through a smooth crossover. That is, in nature, these two possibilities are realized, which occur with approximately the same probabilities. Modern experiment and theory not only does not consider a fireball, born in collisions of relativistic heavy ions, as a quantum object that can have different quantum states with the same energy pumped into it, but the processing of experimental data itself does not provide for the imposition of any triggers to separate these states from each other. This work takes into account the quantum nature of the fireball and the need to analyze all the information accumulated over decades at once.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data
AU  - Valeriy Kizka
Y1  - 2023/02/04
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11
T2  - Nuclear Science
JF  - Nuclear Science
JO  - Nuclear Science
SP  - 39
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4346
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11
AB  - The article considers a way to compare large bulks of experimental data with theoretical calculations, in which the quality of theoretical models is clearly demonstrated graphically. The main idea of the method consists in grouping physical observables, represented by experiment and theoretical calculation, into samples, each of which characterizes a certain physical process. A further choice of a convenient criterion for comparing measurements and calculations, its calculation and averaging within each sample and then over all samples, makes it possible to choose the best theoretical model in the entire measurement area. Modern analysis of experimental data and their comparison with calculations in the search for exotic states of nuclear matter, where a huge amount of material has been accumulated over several decades, is still largely carried out by eye. Published theoretical data of the three-fluid dynamic model (3FD) applied to the experimental data from heavy-ion collisions at the energy range sNN = 2.7 - 63 GeV are used as example of application of the developed methodology. When analyzing the results, the quantum nature of the fireball, created at heavy ion collisions, was taken into account. Thus, even at energy sNN = 63 GeV of central collisions of heavy ions, there is a nonzero probability of fireball formation without ignition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). At the same time, QGP ignition at central collision energies above at least sNN = 12 GeV occurs through two competing processes, through a first-order phase transition and through a smooth crossover. That is, in nature, these two possibilities are realized, which occur with approximately the same probabilities. Modern experiment and theory not only does not consider a fireball, born in collisions of relativistic heavy ions, as a quantum object that can have different quantum states with the same energy pumped into it, but the processing of experimental data itself does not provide for the imposition of any triggers to separate these states from each other. This work takes into account the quantum nature of the fireball and the need to analyze all the information accumulated over decades at once.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Valeriy Kizka

Department of Experimental Nuclear Physics, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

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Valeriy Kizka. (2023). Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data. Nuclear Science, 7(3), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11

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ACS Style

Valeriy Kizka. Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data. Nucl. Sci. 2023, 7(3), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11

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AMA Style

Valeriy Kizka. Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data. Nucl Sci. 2023;7(3):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11,
  author = {Valeriy Kizka},
  title = {Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data},
  journal = {Nuclear Science},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ns.20220703.11},
  abstract = {The article considers a way to compare large bulks of experimental data with theoretical calculations, in which the quality of theoretical models is clearly demonstrated graphically. The main idea of the method consists in grouping physical observables, represented by experiment and theoretical calculation, into samples, each of which characterizes a certain physical process. A further choice of a convenient criterion for comparing measurements and calculations, its calculation and averaging within each sample and then over all samples, makes it possible to choose the best theoretical model in the entire measurement area. Modern analysis of experimental data and their comparison with calculations in the search for exotic states of nuclear matter, where a huge amount of material has been accumulated over several decades, is still largely carried out by eye. Published theoretical data of the three-fluid dynamic model (3FD) applied to the experimental data from heavy-ion collisions at the energy range sNN = 2.7 - 63 GeV are used as example of application of the developed methodology. When analyzing the results, the quantum nature of the fireball, created at heavy ion collisions, was taken into account. Thus, even at energy sNN = 63 GeV of central collisions of heavy ions, there is a nonzero probability of fireball formation without ignition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). At the same time, QGP ignition at central collision energies above at least sNN = 12 GeV occurs through two competing processes, through a first-order phase transition and through a smooth crossover. That is, in nature, these two possibilities are realized, which occur with approximately the same probabilities. Modern experiment and theory not only does not consider a fireball, born in collisions of relativistic heavy ions, as a quantum object that can have different quantum states with the same energy pumped into it, but the processing of experimental data itself does not provide for the imposition of any triggers to separate these states from each other. This work takes into account the quantum nature of the fireball and the need to analyze all the information accumulated over decades at once.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data
AU  - Valeriy Kizka
Y1  - 2023/02/04
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11
T2  - Nuclear Science
JF  - Nuclear Science
JO  - Nuclear Science
SP  - 39
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4346
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20220703.11
AB  - The article considers a way to compare large bulks of experimental data with theoretical calculations, in which the quality of theoretical models is clearly demonstrated graphically. The main idea of the method consists in grouping physical observables, represented by experiment and theoretical calculation, into samples, each of which characterizes a certain physical process. A further choice of a convenient criterion for comparing measurements and calculations, its calculation and averaging within each sample and then over all samples, makes it possible to choose the best theoretical model in the entire measurement area. Modern analysis of experimental data and their comparison with calculations in the search for exotic states of nuclear matter, where a huge amount of material has been accumulated over several decades, is still largely carried out by eye. Published theoretical data of the three-fluid dynamic model (3FD) applied to the experimental data from heavy-ion collisions at the energy range sNN = 2.7 - 63 GeV are used as example of application of the developed methodology. When analyzing the results, the quantum nature of the fireball, created at heavy ion collisions, was taken into account. Thus, even at energy sNN = 63 GeV of central collisions of heavy ions, there is a nonzero probability of fireball formation without ignition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). At the same time, QGP ignition at central collision energies above at least sNN = 12 GeV occurs through two competing processes, through a first-order phase transition and through a smooth crossover. That is, in nature, these two possibilities are realized, which occur with approximately the same probabilities. Modern experiment and theory not only does not consider a fireball, born in collisions of relativistic heavy ions, as a quantum object that can have different quantum states with the same energy pumped into it, but the processing of experimental data itself does not provide for the imposition of any triggers to separate these states from each other. This work takes into account the quantum nature of the fireball and the need to analyze all the information accumulated over decades at once.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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