Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Risk Identification of Abdominal Obesity in Chinese Working-Aged Adults Based on Multidimensional Lifestyle Data and Its Implications for AI-Driven Health Management

Received: 18 June 2026     Accepted: 9 July 2026     Published: 26 August 2026
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Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of abdominal obesity and identify modifiable risk factors among working-aged adults (aged 18–65 years) in urban and rural China using multidimensional lifestyle data, and to explore the translational implications for AI-driven health management. A survey was conducted in Nanjing from 2024 to 2025, enrolling 1,014 working-aged adults from both urban and rural areas. Multidimensional data were collected, encompassing sociodemographic characteristics, occupational attributes, commuting modes, lifestyle behaviors, dietary patterns, and nutrition knowledge awareness. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk and protective factors for abdominal obesity after adjusting for potential confounders, and the applicability of these variables as core inputs for AI-based health management systems was further evaluated based on their data accessibility and clinical interpretability. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity was 58.5% (593/1,014). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that female sex (OR=2.671), consumption of baijiu (Chinese liquor, OR=2.812), intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR=4.433), and habitual tea drinking (OR=5.698) were independently associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity (all P < 0.05), while walking to work emerged as a significant protective factor (P < 0.05). All identified variables demonstrated satisfactory data availability and clinical interpretability, supporting their integration as key input features in AI-driven health management models. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese working-aged adults is alarmingly high, affecting nearly three in five individuals. The multidimensional modifiable factors identified not only provide actionable targets for conventional interventions but also constitute an interpretable feature set for AI-based health management systems. Future research may integrate real-time data from wearable devices with deep learning algorithms to establish an intelligent platform encompassing risk stratification, dynamic early warning, and personalized intervention, facilitating a paradigm shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention in occupational health and offering empirical evidence for AI-empowered chronic disease control.

Published in Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12
Page(s) 273-279
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Abdominal Obesity, Multidimensional Lifestyle Data, Risk Identification, Working-aged Adults, AI-driven Health Management, Active Commuting

1.前言
BMI超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖是由慢性总脂肪堆积过多或局部脂肪增加并伴有异常分布引起的代谢紊乱,通常受到遗传和环境因素的协同作用影响。研究表明,肥胖与高血压、血脂异常和高血糖密切相关,是心血管疾病(CVD)的危险因素,腹型肥胖更是心肌梗死的独立危险因素;此外,肥胖人群更容易出现心理健康问题,尤其是焦虑和抑郁。与中国成年人的一般肥胖指标BMI相比,腹型肥胖与2型糖尿病的风险相关性更强。综上,肥胖给社会、家庭及个人带来严峻的疾病负担和风险
当前,中国50%以上的成年人和约20%的学龄儿童超重或肥胖。在过去20年间,随着社会经济发展和生活水平提高,居民生活方式发生了巨大变化。据预测,到2030年我国成人超重/肥胖合并患病率将达到65.3%,归因于超重/肥胖的医疗费用将高达4180亿元人民币。肥胖问题日益凸显,已成为危害中国居民健康的严重公共卫生问题。对此,国家层面密集出台了一系列政策举措:2024年6月,国家卫生健康委等16个部门联合启动“体重管理年”活动,力争通过三年左右时间实现体重管理支持性环境广泛建立、全民体重管理意识和技能显著提升;同年12月,国家卫健委发布《体重管理指导原则(2024年版)》,为超重肥胖的规范化管理提供了科学依据;2025年4月,全国爱卫会正式将“健康体重管理行动”纳入健康中国行动;2026年,全国所有三级公立综合医院均需提供健康体重管理门诊服务。尽管国家密集出台了多项肥胖防控政策,但肥胖及相关慢性病的问题尚未得到有效控制,亟待从多维度、多层面深入探索肥胖发生的关键可改变因素
值得注意的是,肥胖的发生发展并非由单一因素决定,而是深受个体生活方式、饮食习惯、职业行为、通勤模式等多维度因素的共同影响。近年来,随着可穿戴设备、移动健康应用和健康大数据的快速发展,基于多维度生活数据进行健康风险识别与个性化管理已成为公共卫生领域的重要趋势,这也为AI技术在慢性病防控中的深度应用提供了数据基础与场景支撑。 然而,当前针对中国劳动人口——这一承担社会经济运行核心职能、同时面临久坐办公、外食频繁、作息不规律等多重健康风险的关键群体——的系统性腹型肥胖风险因素研究仍相对有限,尤其缺乏将多维度生活数据与AI健康管理相衔接的实证探索
基于此,本研究利用2024—2025年南京市1014名18~65岁城乡劳动人口的横断面调查数据,系统收集社会人口学特征、职业属性、通勤方式、生活方式、饮食习惯及营养知识知晓情况等多维度生活数据,旨在识别腹型肥胖的独立危险因素与保护因素,并探讨这些可改变因素作为AI健康管理系统核心输入特征集的可行性与应用启示。研究结果不仅为传统公共卫生干预提供精准靶点,更为构建面向职业人群的腹型肥胖AI风险识别与智能健康管理平台提供实证依据与数据支撑,助力推动我国肥胖防控从“被动应对”向“AI赋能的主动预防”范式转型。
2.资料与方法
2.1.资料来源
通过抽样调查方式收集南京市城乡共计10个县区30个小区1014名18~65岁成年劳动人口包括基本人口学特征、工作性质、通勤方式、生活方式、饮食习惯、膳食知识知晓情况等多维度相关数据。
2.2.变量选择
变量选取覆盖了基本人口学特征、工作性质、通勤方式、生活方式、饮食习惯、膳食知识知晓情况等相关多维度数据。具体包括性别、年龄、最高教育水平、婚姻状况、居住地、人均家庭收入/月、是否腹型肥胖、是否饮白开水、是否饮茶、是否喝咖啡、是否吸烟、饮酒情况(分别包括饮啤酒、葡萄酒和白酒)、是否喝含糖水果饮料、工作单位性质、平均周工作天数、平均日工作时长、工作通勤方式(是否步行、是否骑车、是否乘公交/地铁、是否开车/打的)、用餐地点、三餐比是否正常、三餐加工方式、睡眠时长、膳食知识知晓情况。其中,本研究中饮白开水情况≥3杯/天;饮茶情况指饮茶≥1杯/天;喝咖啡指喝咖啡≥1杯/天;饮用含糖水果饮料/≥2次/周;吸烟指去年吸烟量≥1根/天;饮酒指饮啤酒≥2次/周,饮白酒、饮葡萄酒是指每周≥50g;工作劳动强度是根据从事工作性质进行划分;膳食知识情况是指是否了解中国营养膳食指南。
2.3.肥胖的标准
腰围是定义代谢综合征的关键指标之一,被广泛使用,并比BMI更便捷更有效、与健康风险紧密相关。故本研究腹型肥胖采用男性腰围≥85.0 cm或女性腰围≥80.0 cm
2.4.统计分析
应用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行一般描述性分析、X2检验和多因素非条件logistic 回归分析。检验水准为双侧检验α=0. 05。
3.结果
3.1.一般情况
1014名18~65岁城乡人口中,性别、最高教育水平,婚姻状态,居住地、经济水平、在生活方式、在饮食偏好、工作性质、工作强度、通勤方式、膳食知识能力具体情况详见表1
3.2.中国成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病情况 (表1
本次调查的1014名18~65岁成年劳动人口中,共计593例腹型肥胖者,腹型肥胖率已经高达58.5%;在对不同特征(包括基本人口学特征、工作性质、通勤方式、生活方式、饮食习惯、膳食知识知晓情况)成年劳动人口比较中,性别、是否吸烟、是否饮啤酒、是否饮白酒、是否饮茶、是否喝含糖水果饮料和是否步行上班人群的患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
表1 中国不同特征成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病情况比较。

特征

调查数

腹型肥胖患病数

腹型肥胖患病率(%)

X2

P

性别

男性

605

307

50.7

36.983

<0.001

女性

409

286

69.9

年龄(岁)

18~25

283

179

63.3

7.473

0.113

25~35

135

67

49.6

35~45

175

105

60.0

45~55

190

111

58.4

55~65

231

131

56.7

最高教育水平

小学及以下

372

215

57.8

0.738

0.691

中学/技校

513

306

59.6

大专及以上

129

72

55.8

婚姻状况

未婚

188

110

58.5

0.019

0.991

已婚

767

448

58.4

离婚及丧偶

59

35

59.3

居住地

城市

402

229

57.0

0.631

0.435

农村

612

364

59.5

月人均家庭收入(元)

<3000

541

325

60.1

2.723

0.256

3000~6000

195

104

53.3

≥6000

278

164

59.0

饮茶情况

不饮茶

984

566

57.5

12.649

<0.001

饮茶

30

27

90.0

喝咖啡情况

不喝咖啡

903

536

59.4

2.610

0.125

喝咖啡

111

57

51.4

饮水情况

不饮水

849

492

58.0

0.605

0.245

饮水

165

101

61.2

吸烟情况

不吸烟

829

467

56.3

8.637

<0.005

吸烟

185

126

68.1

饮白酒情况

不饮酒

879

488

55.5

23.882

<0.001

饮酒

135

105

77.8

饮葡萄酒

不饮酒

970

563

58.0

0.605

0.212

饮酒

44

30

68.2

饮啤酒情况

不饮酒

896

509

56.8

8.878

<0.005

饮酒

118

84

71.2

喝含糖水果饮料

不饮

714

325

45.5

167.02

<0.001

饮用

300

268

89.3

睡眠时长

<6

394

239

60.7

4.332

0.115

6~9

539

315

58.4

≥10

81

39

48.1

就餐地点

在家

805

468

58.1

3.507

0.320

单位就餐

95

55

57.9

饭店/摊位

76

51

67.1

其他

38

19

50.0

三餐比正常

不正常

498

283

56.8

1.103

0.294

正常

516

310

60.1

加工方式

蒸、煮、生吃

547

306

55.9

4.089

0.129

炒、炸、烙、烤

376

227

60.4

熟食及其他

91

60

65.9

单位类型

政府、国企、研究所等

302

187

61.9

3.695

0.158

集体企业

373

221

59.2

私营、个体企业等其他

339

185

54.6

劳动强度

轻度

531

309

58.2

1.658

0.436

中度

261

148

56.7

重度

210

131

62.4

日工作时长

<8

849

497

58.5

0.007

0.931

≥8

165

96

58.2

周工作天数

<5

427

257

60.2

0.884

0.347

≥5

587

336

57.2

是否步行

665

541

81.4

416.281

<0.001

349

52

14.9

乘公交/地铁

955

562

58.8

0.910

0.340

59

31

52.5

开车/打的

955

562

58.8

0.910

0.340

59

31

52.5

骑自行车

863

496

57.5

2.422

0.129

151

97

64.2

了解指南

810

476

58.8

0.134

0.714

204

117

57.4

3.3.中国成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病影响因素多因素非条件Logistic回归分析(表2
以中国城乡人口是否肥胖为因变量(0=否,1=是),以性别、是否饮茶、是否喝白酒、是否喝啤酒、是否吸烟、是否喝含糖饮料和是否步行7个因素为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。根据分析结果显示,女性、是否饮茶、是否喝白酒是中国成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病的危险因素,是否步行上班是其保护因素。
表2 中国成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析。

因素

参照组

Β

S<sub></sub>x

Wald χ2

P值

OR值

95%CI

性别

女性

男性

0.982

0.184

28.399

<0.001

2.671

1.861~3.833

是否饮茶

饮茶

不饮茶

1.740

0.688

6.392

0.011

5.698

1.479~21.953

是否喝白酒

喝白酒

不喝白酒

1.034

0.332

9.716

<0.005

2.812

1.468~5.387

是否喝啤酒

喝啤酒

不喝啤酒

0.428

0.321

1.777

0.182

1.534

0.818~ 2.878

是否吸烟

吸烟

不吸烟

0.184

0.257

0.511

0.475

1.202

0.726~1.989

是否喝含糖饮料

喝饮料

不喝

1.489

0.236

39.807

<0.001

4.433

2.791~7.041

是否步行

步行

不步行

-2.733

0.201

184.477

<0.001

0.065

0.044~0.096

4.讨论
本研究中我国成年人腹型肥胖患病率为58.50%,形势相当严峻。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、饮茶、饮用白酒是中国成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病的危险因素,步行上班是相关保护因素。具体而言,女性腹型肥胖患病风险是男性的2.671倍,这与女性在生育之后承担了过多家庭责任有一定关系;喝茶人群患病风险比非喝茶人群高5.698倍,这可能与肥胖群体存在“饮茶有利于减肥”的认知误区有关;饮用白酒者比非饮酒人群高2.812倍,提示男性肥胖主要与饮用白酒等不健康习惯相关;饮用含糖饮料者比不饮用者高4.433倍,限制糖分摄入有利于预防腹型肥胖。而步行上班与腹型肥胖患病率呈负向关联,提示运动量的增加对于腹型肥胖具有预防作用。综上,无论基线性别、年龄、文化程度、居住地、婚姻状况、收入水平如何,均应控制自身腰围水平。特别是在饮食习惯中,应采用多蒸煮的居家用餐方式,减少外卖、奶茶、烧烤等高油、高脂、高糖饮食的摄入;在生活方式中应减少久坐、增加碎片化的运动量;办公方式方面也建议采用升降式办公设备,减少久坐时间。
肥胖作为一种社会病,并非单一原因所致,而是受到个体、社会、环境等多方面因素的综合影响,既与居民个体对肥胖认识不足、健康素养薄弱、自我健康管理能力欠缺有关,也与医务人员对肥胖的预防和识别能力不够有关。同时,肥胖影响因素的复杂性决定了目前仍需开展大样本前瞻性动态化调查和综合性研究
针对当前严峻形势,应充分利用国家政策窗口期,多措并举推进肥胖防控。首先,应借力“体重管理年”活动和健康体重管理行动的政策契机,深入开展科普知识宣传和体重管理教育,提高居民对肥胖危害的认识和自我健康管理能力,在全社会营造健康体重、健康腰围的良好氛围。其次,推动健康体重管理门诊服务向基层延伸,为职业人群提供便捷可及的专业体重管理指导。第三,既要关口前移,做好青少年儿童肥胖防治工作,也要加大力度遏制和减缓我国成年劳动人口肥胖发展趋势。
从AI健康管理启示的角度审视,本研究的贡献不仅在于识别了可干预的行为靶点,更在于验证了多维度生活数据在职业人群健康风险识别中的可行性与有效性。具体而言,本研究识别的风险因素集具备三个适于AI建模的关键属性:其一,高可采集性——性别、饮食、饮酒、饮茶、通勤方式等变量可通过问卷调查或可穿戴设备便捷获取;其二,强可解释性——各因素与腹型肥胖的关联方向及强度均有明确的流行病学证据支撑,符合可解释性机器学习对特征语义清晰度的要求;其三,动态可追踪——生活方式与行为因素具有时变特征,为后续融合纵向数据进行动态风险预警提供了天然的时间序列基础。
基于上述特征集,未来研究可从以下三个层次推进AI驱动的健康管理实践:第一层(风险分层) ——利用机器学习算法(如随机森林、XGBoost、支持向量机等)对职业人群进行腹型肥胖风险等级划分,实现高危个体的早期识别与优先干预;第二层(动态预警) ——融合可穿戴设备(如智能手环、智能手表)实时采集的体力活动、心率、睡眠等生理行为数据,结合深度学习时序模型(如LSTM、Transformer),构建动态风险评分系统,实现对个体健康状态的连续监测与异常预警;第三层(个性化干预) ——基于强化学习或多智能体系统,针对不同风险层级和个体偏好,自动生成并动态调整个性化健康管理方案(如运动建议、饮食配餐、行为激励等),形成“监测-评估-干预-反馈”的闭环管理链路。
5.结论
本研究基于地方性调查数据,揭示我国局部地区成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病率高达58.50%,形势严峻。多因素logistic回归分析确认女性、饮茶、饮用白酒及含糖饮料为独立危险因素,步行上班为保护因素,提示生活行为方式在腹型肥胖防控中具有可干预的核心价值。这些发现不仅为传统公共卫生策略提供了明确的靶向干预依据,也为后续构建AI驱动的职业人群健康管理平台奠定了特征可采集、可解释、可追踪的数据基础,今后可考虑在全国更广泛地区开展更深入的调查。
综上,本研究不仅为传统公共卫生干预提供了精准靶点,也为构建面向职业人群的腹型肥胖AI智能健康管理平台提供了关键特征集与实证依据。在“健康中国2030”与“体重管理年”政策框架下,推动公共卫生从“被动应对”向“AI赋能的主动预防”范式转型,既是大势所趋,亦具备坚实的数据基础与技术可行性。未来研究应进一步拓展样本覆盖范围、引入纵向追踪设计,并开展AI模型的实证验证与效果评价,以期为我国职业人群慢性病防控提供更加科学、精准、智能的决策支撑
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    Ru, W., Jinyi, C., Jinsu, L., Xiaoqing, M., Meng, S., et al. (2026). Risk Identification of Abdominal Obesity in Chinese Working-Aged Adults Based on Multidimensional Lifestyle Data and Its Implications for AI-Driven Health Management. Science Research, 14(5), 273-279. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12

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    Ru, W.; Jinyi, C.; Jinsu, L.; Xiaoqing, M.; Meng, S., et al. Risk Identification of Abdominal Obesity in Chinese Working-Aged Adults Based on Multidimensional Lifestyle Data and Its Implications for AI-Driven Health Management. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(5), 273-279. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12

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    Ru W, Jinyi C, Jinsu L, Xiaoqing M, Meng S, et al. Risk Identification of Abdominal Obesity in Chinese Working-Aged Adults Based on Multidimensional Lifestyle Data and Its Implications for AI-Driven Health Management. Sci Res. 2026;14(5):273-279. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12,
      author = {Wang Ru and Cai Jinyi and Liu Jinsu and Min Xiaoqing and She Meng and Lu Shan},
      title = {Risk Identification of Abdominal Obesity in Chinese Working-Aged Adults Based on Multidimensional Lifestyle Data and Its Implications for AI-Driven Health Management},
      journal = {Science Research},
      volume = {14},
      number = {5},
      pages = {273-279},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261405.12},
      abstract = {This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of abdominal obesity and identify modifiable risk factors among working-aged adults (aged 18–65 years) in urban and rural China using multidimensional lifestyle data, and to explore the translational implications for AI-driven health management. A survey was conducted in Nanjing from 2024 to 2025, enrolling 1,014 working-aged adults from both urban and rural areas. Multidimensional data were collected, encompassing sociodemographic characteristics, occupational attributes, commuting modes, lifestyle behaviors, dietary patterns, and nutrition knowledge awareness. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk and protective factors for abdominal obesity after adjusting for potential confounders, and the applicability of these variables as core inputs for AI-based health management systems was further evaluated based on their data accessibility and clinical interpretability. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity was 58.5% (593/1,014). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that female sex (OR=2.671), consumption of baijiu (Chinese liquor, OR=2.812), intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR=4.433), and habitual tea drinking (OR=5.698) were independently associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity (all P < 0.05), while walking to work emerged as a significant protective factor (P < 0.05). All identified variables demonstrated satisfactory data availability and clinical interpretability, supporting their integration as key input features in AI-driven health management models. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese working-aged adults is alarmingly high, affecting nearly three in five individuals. The multidimensional modifiable factors identified not only provide actionable targets for conventional interventions but also constitute an interpretable feature set for AI-based health management systems. Future research may integrate real-time data from wearable devices with deep learning algorithms to establish an intelligent platform encompassing risk stratification, dynamic early warning, and personalized intervention, facilitating a paradigm shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention in occupational health and offering empirical evidence for AI-empowered chronic disease control.},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Risk Identification of Abdominal Obesity in Chinese Working-Aged Adults Based on Multidimensional Lifestyle Data and Its Implications for AI-Driven Health Management
    AU  - Wang Ru
    AU  - Cai Jinyi
    AU  - Liu Jinsu
    AU  - Min Xiaoqing
    AU  - She Meng
    AU  - Lu Shan
    Y1  - 2026/08/26
    PY  - 2026
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12
    T2  - Science Research
    JF  - Science Research
    JO  - Science Research
    SP  - 273
    EP  - 279
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-0927
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261405.12
    AB  - This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of abdominal obesity and identify modifiable risk factors among working-aged adults (aged 18–65 years) in urban and rural China using multidimensional lifestyle data, and to explore the translational implications for AI-driven health management. A survey was conducted in Nanjing from 2024 to 2025, enrolling 1,014 working-aged adults from both urban and rural areas. Multidimensional data were collected, encompassing sociodemographic characteristics, occupational attributes, commuting modes, lifestyle behaviors, dietary patterns, and nutrition knowledge awareness. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk and protective factors for abdominal obesity after adjusting for potential confounders, and the applicability of these variables as core inputs for AI-based health management systems was further evaluated based on their data accessibility and clinical interpretability. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity was 58.5% (593/1,014). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that female sex (OR=2.671), consumption of baijiu (Chinese liquor, OR=2.812), intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR=4.433), and habitual tea drinking (OR=5.698) were independently associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity (all P < 0.05), while walking to work emerged as a significant protective factor (P < 0.05). All identified variables demonstrated satisfactory data availability and clinical interpretability, supporting their integration as key input features in AI-driven health management models. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese working-aged adults is alarmingly high, affecting nearly three in five individuals. The multidimensional modifiable factors identified not only provide actionable targets for conventional interventions but also constitute an interpretable feature set for AI-based health management systems. Future research may integrate real-time data from wearable devices with deep learning algorithms to establish an intelligent platform encompassing risk stratification, dynamic early warning, and personalized intervention, facilitating a paradigm shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention in occupational health and offering empirical evidence for AI-empowered chronic disease control.
    VL  - 14
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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  • 1.前言
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  • Table 1

    表1 中国不同特征成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病情况比较。

  • Table 2

    表2 中国成年劳动人口腹型肥胖患病影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析。