The field of medicine is constantly evolving, and novel approaches are emerging to combat various diseases. One such groundbreaking advancement is the development of CAR T cell therapy, which has garnered significant attention in recent years. CAR T cell therapy represents a promising and innovative approach to treating cancer and holds immense potential for revolutionizing the field of medicine. However, it also poses several challenges that need to be addressed to ensure its successful implementation. CAR T cell therapy harnesses the power of the immune system to fight cancer. It involves genetically modifying a patient's own T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their surface. These CARs enable T cells to recognize and bind to specific cancer cells, leading to their destruction. This personalized treatment approach has shown remarkable success in treating certain types of hematologic malignancies, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, where other treatment options have limited effectiveness. The significance of CAR T cell therapy lies in its potential to offer long-term remission and even potential cures for some patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated impressive response rates and durable remissions, leading to the approval of CAR T cell therapies by regulatory agencies in various countries. This groundbreaking approach represents a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, providing hope for patients who previously had limited therapeutic options.

While CAR T cell therapy offers great promise, several challenges need to be addressed for its wider application and improved outcomes. Some of the key challenges include: Manufacturing complexities, Safety concerns, Solid tumor delivery, Cost and accessibility and stability and formulation concerns, standardization and market authorization.

Therefore, in this Special Issue the main intended focuses will be on the research results demonstrating overcoming CAR T cell manufacturing complexities, technological advancements, addressing safety concerns, expanding effectiveness in solid tumors, and improving affordability and accessibility and other related issues that are crucial for the successful integration of this therapy into standard medical practice. Reports from the collaborative efforts among scientists, clinicians, manufacturers and regulatory bodies to overcome these challenges and unlock the full potential of CAR T cell therapy in the novel medicine are the most welcome.