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Examining Student Access in Online Courses: Two Courses Over the Years

Received: 5 August 2026     Accepted: 17 August 2026     Published: 20 September 2026
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Abstract

Studies on how college/university students approach online education and courses have been conducted. The purposes of such studies, including the current paper, is to assess the students’ use of online resources to identify patterns and any room for improvement of their online experience. The author has used the Canvas Learning Management System (LMS) to deliver asynchronous instruction in an undergraduate course and to facilitate communication and course organization in a face-to-face graduate course. This paper analyzes student access and usage data from both courses to identify meaningful patterns and insights. The collected data are examined in relation to course enrollment and major course milestones. Information obtained directly from Canvas is supplemented with basic statistical analyses, including descriptive measures such as averages. The findings are then discussed to provide insights into the advantages and limitations of online teaching and learning. Findings include reduced student engagement with online content over time. Graduate students are more likely to stay engaged online versus undergraduate students. Lastly, online group work shows the free-rider effect where some students rely on other group members to finish assigned tasks.

Published in Higher Education Research (Volume 11, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.her.20261105.13
Page(s) 150-163
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Online Education, Online Access, Free-rider Phenomenon, Paired-sample T-test, Correlation Between Online Time and Grades

References
[1] Wikipedia (2020). Online Learning in Higher Education.
[2] Drexel University School of Education (2020). The Benefits of Online Education in a Virtual Classroom.
[3] B. J. LaMeres, C. Plumb, “Comparing Online to Face-to-Face Delivery of Undergraduate Digital Circuits Content”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 57, NO. 2, p. 99-106. (2014)
[4] D. D. Bir, "Comparison of academic performance of students in online vs traditional engineering course", European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning (EURODL), VOL. 22, NO. 1. p. 1-13. (2019)
[5] T. Easton, “Online Versus In Person Student Learning Outcomes”, Proceedings of the ASEE Midwest Section Conference, Virtual.
[6] T. R. Hamrick, “Which is better online or face to face? Comparisons of the same instructor and class taught in two modalities”, Proceedings of the ASEE North Central Section Conference, Morgantown, West Virginia.
[7] K. J. Reid, “Study of the Success or Failure of Changing Freshman Engineering Technology Courses to an Online Format: Did it Work?”, Proceedings of the 36th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, October 28 - 31, 2006, San Diego, CA. p. S1J-28 - S1J-33. (2006)
[8] S. Pisupati, J. Mathews, “Differences in teaching and learning outcomes in face-to-face, online and hybrid modes of energy conservation course”, Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, June 22, 2008 - June 24, 2008. (2008)
[9] J. Douglas, “Comparing learning outcomes and content mastery in online and face-to-face engineering statics courses”, Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, 14, 2015 - June 17, 2015. (2015)
[10] Tariq Khraishi, 2017, “Comparing two versions of an engineering course: in-class and on-line. What does the data say?”, Proceedings of the 2017 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference, Robert Hart (ed.), March 3/12/17-3/14/17, University of Texas, Dallas.
[11] Tariq Khraishi, Kristine Denman, 2018, “How Does An Online Version of A Class Compares To An In-Class Version?”, Proceedings of the 2018 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference, Ronald Barr (ed.), April 4-6, 2018, University of Texas at Austin.
[12] Tariq Khraishi, 2021, “Personal Experiences from Teaching Virtually Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic” ASEE Gulf-Southwest Section Conference, Waco, Texas.
[13] Tariq Khraishi, 2021, “Teaching in the COVID-19 Era: Personal Reflections, Student Surveys and pre-COVID Comparative Data”, Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 39-53,
[14] Tariq Khraishi, Ben Rael, 2011, “The Ideal Group Number is e”, Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference of the ASEE Gulf-Southwest Section, Farrokh Attarzadeh (ed.), March 9-11, 2011, University of Houston - Houston, Texas, Paper# T2B-5.
[15] von Keyserlingk, Luise & Lauermann, Fani & Li, Qiujie & Yu, Renzhe & Rubach, Charlott & Arum, Richard & Heckhausen, Jutta. (2025). Students' study activities before and after exam deadlines as predictors of performance in STEM courses: A multi-source data analysis. Learning and Individual Differences. 117.
[16] Li, Q., Baker, R., & Warschauer, M. (2020). Using clickstream data to measure, understand, and support self-regulated learning in online courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 45, Article 100727.
[17] Hall, David & Buzwell, Simone. (2013). The problem of free riding in group projects: Looking beyond social loafing as reason for non-contribution. Active Learning in Higher Education. 14. 37-49.
[18] Korkofingas, Con & Macri, Joseph. (2013). Does Time Spent Online have an Influence on Student Performance? Evidence for a Large Business Studies Class. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. 10. 5-18.
[19] Calafiore, Pablo & Damianov, Damian. (2011). The Effect of Time Spent Online on Student Achievement in Online Economics and Finance Courses. Journal of Economic Education - J ECON EDUC. 42. 209-223.
[20] B. S. Grave, "The Effect of Student Time Allocation on Academic Achievement," Ruhr Economic Papers, Bochum, Germany, 2010.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Khraishi, T. (2026). Examining Student Access in Online Courses: Two Courses Over the Years. Higher Education Research, 11(5), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.her.20261105.13

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    ACS Style

    Khraishi, T. Examining Student Access in Online Courses: Two Courses Over the Years. High. Educ. Res. 2026, 11(5), 150-163. doi: 10.11648/j.her.20261105.13

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    AMA Style

    Khraishi T. Examining Student Access in Online Courses: Two Courses Over the Years. High Educ Res. 2026;11(5):150-163. doi: 10.11648/j.her.20261105.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.her.20261105.13,
      author = {Tariq Khraishi},
      title = {Examining Student Access in Online Courses: 
    Two Courses Over the Years},
      journal = {Higher Education Research},
      volume = {11},
      number = {5},
      pages = {150-163},
      doi = {10.11648/j.her.20261105.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.her.20261105.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.her.20261105.13},
      abstract = {Studies on how college/university students approach online education and courses have been conducted. The purposes of such studies, including the current paper, is to assess the students’ use of online resources to identify patterns and any room for improvement of their online experience. The author has used the Canvas Learning Management System (LMS) to deliver asynchronous instruction in an undergraduate course and to facilitate communication and course organization in a face-to-face graduate course. This paper analyzes student access and usage data from both courses to identify meaningful patterns and insights. The collected data are examined in relation to course enrollment and major course milestones. Information obtained directly from Canvas is supplemented with basic statistical analyses, including descriptive measures such as averages. The findings are then discussed to provide insights into the advantages and limitations of online teaching and learning. Findings include reduced student engagement with online content over time. Graduate students are more likely to stay engaged online versus undergraduate students. Lastly, online group work shows the free-rider effect where some students rely on other group members to finish assigned tasks.},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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    Two Courses Over the Years
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    AB  - Studies on how college/university students approach online education and courses have been conducted. The purposes of such studies, including the current paper, is to assess the students’ use of online resources to identify patterns and any room for improvement of their online experience. The author has used the Canvas Learning Management System (LMS) to deliver asynchronous instruction in an undergraduate course and to facilitate communication and course organization in a face-to-face graduate course. This paper analyzes student access and usage data from both courses to identify meaningful patterns and insights. The collected data are examined in relation to course enrollment and major course milestones. Information obtained directly from Canvas is supplemented with basic statistical analyses, including descriptive measures such as averages. The findings are then discussed to provide insights into the advantages and limitations of online teaching and learning. Findings include reduced student engagement with online content over time. Graduate students are more likely to stay engaged online versus undergraduate students. Lastly, online group work shows the free-rider effect where some students rely on other group members to finish assigned tasks.
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