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Energy – Biodiesel Towards a Life of the Men: A Contribution in the Environmental Protection

Received: 12 March 2025     Accepted: 26 June 2025     Published: 15 July 2025
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Abstract

Energy is the capacity to perform a physical system, an energy exists in several forms such as: a heat, the mechanical energy, the light, the potential energy, the electric power or some other forms. We use the fossil energy sources which has released large amounts of toxic gases, which are the causes of some diseases to human, affecting the environment and increases the greenhouse effect. Governments have many policies to clean up an environment. One of the most policies that is geared to an economy with “green energy”. In Vietnam country, the productive raw materials of the biological alcohol. The principal biodiesels include: paddies, maize, sweet potato, maniocs, sugar - canes and productive raw materials of the botanical oil are: soy beans, pea - nuts, the trees have many oils… and the physix nuts (Jatropha curcas L) - Those are the trees which make the biodiesel, too. The last time, everybody does not take care about them. We observed studied, knew that those trees have many big values, these physix nuts can place the fossil energy, this kind of oil helps to reduce their emission of “greenhouse” and specially no contained Sulfur (S), therefore very close to the environment. However, we had many methods to plant and to make the experiment about the physix nuts (Jatropha curcas L) in Loc Thanh village, Bao Lam district, Lam Dong province. By many times, we had a result about those trees which develop very well here, including mountainous areas.

Published in International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12
Page(s) 49-54
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Energy, Biodiesel, Physix Nuts, Trees, Material, Oil

1. Introduction About Energy and the Role of Energy to the Human Life
Definition: Energy is the ability to perform a physical system, energy exists in several forms such as heat, mechanical energy, light, potential energy, electric power or some other form.
Historical use of energy by humans: From early times to modern times: In the year 1700, when the industrial Revolution began, most of the energy for industrial countries from the recovery and permanent sources (animal labor domesticated, wood, water and winds), mostly from the locally supply. In the year 1850, wood fire wood provides about 91% of commercial energy that used in the industrial countries in Europe and America. In the year 1900, oil and natural gas replaced coal extensively because they burn cleaner, easier, cheaper about the transportation the coal, because oil, unlike coal, can be filtered to the liquid fuels production for vehicles .
In 1984, about 82% of commercial energy that used for all the world by three underground fuel does not recover as oil, coal, natural gas and small quantities by nuclear fission of Uranium atoms are not be recovered to produce electricity.
1.1. Coal
Natural coal is formed certainly in several layers as residuals of the plant has suffered intense heat and pressure over millions of years, mostly Carbon (C) with the change amounts of water and the small number of N and S.
+ The advantages when using coal: radiate much energy, high temperature, low price.
+ Disadvantages: during combustion release CO, CO2, SO2, causing some respiratory diseases, cancer- causing substances, a small number of radioactive metal ... so easy to cause illness, death.
1.2. Natural Gas
In the ground state, natural gas is composed of 50 to 90% CH4 and a smaller number of H2C heavy gas (hydrocarbon) mixed as propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), natural gas considered residue of crude oil.
+ The advantages when using natural gas: Heating, cleaner than charcoal and coal. Convenient, quick and flexible in transportation.
+ Disadvantages: Producing of CO. High price, hazardous transporting, burning, sometimes explode.
1.3. Petroleum
Petroleum is used be spent refining and processing of crude oil.
This is a sticky liquid, mostly a mixture of hydrocarbons (90-95% by weight) and small quantities of mixtures containing O2, S, N. Petroleum supply time:
+ Advantages: Moving easily in countries and between countries. Price is relatively cheap. Fuel can be used to burn, cars, cooking, heating for industrial processing used for electricity production.
+ Disadvantages: Release CO2, increase global climate change. Air pollution: SO, NO, ...
Water pollution: from spilled oil and groundwater contamination due to the solubility of water mixed into the oil well.
1.4. The Energy Usage and Issues in the Less Developed Countries
Most of the increase in energy consumption issues for each person since 1900 has occupied in the industrial countries and gaps in the average energy use per person between industrial countries and less developed countries are increasing.
The most important energy source for the less developed countries is renewable biomass, mainly wood fuels in particular, it serves for the remaining energy with a simple half the world population. Increasing forest destroyed by logging companies, farms and the poor have stripped all the wood burned in a short time, then do not full replant make deforestation changes this survival recovery energy becomes no recovery resources.
1.5. The Oil Crisis is in the Future
Despite the flood of oil in the 1980s was effective in the short term, but it can lead to long-term U.S.A economic and national oil and other imports in 7 to 20 years in the future.
Most of energy analysts believe that the influx of oil in 1980 is only temporary and the plans significant increase in price increased 32 dollars/ 1 barrel, of course 98 planned to increase to the supply point requiring.
1.6. Electricity
Industrial electricity was born in late 19th century and early 20th century, and developed very quickly.
Industrial electricity now includes areas such as:
1) Thermal power plant using coal, oil or gas as primary energy.
2) Hydroelectric uses water energy of the river.
3) In the mid-20th century form of nuclear power industry.
Nuclear power industry. Countries with nuclear-power industry flourished is the U.S.A, Japan, next to Germany, Britain, France. Raw materials for nuclear power plant is uranium, the nuclear power energy has many advantages, it is a good additional source of energy for the primitive .
2. The Role of Energy for the Human Life- A Cause of Research
Since primitive humans have known to use fire cooked food, heating, driving away predators. To this day, the energy is used in all areas related to human life such as: industry, transportation; the family amenities such as: cooking water, air conditioning, cooking, running electrical appliances. Energy is very important.
2.1. The New Types of Energy
With the massive economic development in countries around the world have led to depletion of fuel resources, not enough for man, must have other source of energy for human use such as: Wind energy; Solar energy; hydro energy; energy from the ocean geothermal energy; fusion energy; biofuels
2.2. Biofuels
Currently, the world’s people face the important work, that is:
1. The natural environmental deterioration, the phenomenon of gradual heating of Earth emissions increases due to the greenhouse effect, raising sea levels.
2. Sources of fossil fuels more and more exhausted, must have alternative fuel sources, especially not to pollute the environment.
3. Almost 2 billion of poor people lack of running water, no access to modern energy.
Within the scope of today, we pay specially an attention to biofuels.
Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass sources. There are two main types are:
1. Ethanol and methanol produced from biomass.
2. Biodiesel is a clean fuel which produced from the gel, oil can be recycled.
4. Benefits: Biofuels are widely used, because the following benefits:
1) Provide and use the biofuls on the spot from many materials of plants and renewable.
2) Biofuels do not contain toxic substances such as oil, biodegradative ability high. Use biofuels can reduce “the greenhouse” and emissions the other toxic gases.
3) Contribute to building the agricultural economy, in addition to providing food, food for others, food for animals, raw materials for industry and suppling the power society.
4) Use biofuels convenient, simple, besides, the other raw materials can use gasohol and mineral petrol which substituted them.
5) The production technology of ethanol alcohol and preparation biofuel unlike complicated as petrochemical technology and the standard of invest much lower, they can produce with the other scale.
2.3. Biomass
Biomass is the term that used to indicate the organic materials derived from animals, plants.
Biomass contained that stored energy from the sun. Plants have an absorption solar energy through photosynthesis process. Chemical energy in plants was transferred into the body of human and animals. Biomass is the energy abilities renewable base on carbon cycle, unlike the other natural energy sources such as: fossil oil, coal, nuclear fuels. When it heated, the chemical energy in Biomass will be released form of heat energy .
2.4. Forms of Biofuels
Many forms of biofuels that have been created, served usefully in daily life of human as well as in production, they divided into: The level 1rst of biofuel, includes; vegetable oil; biodiesel oil.
Solid biofuel such as: wood, household waste, firewood. The level 2nd of biofuel: Through producing the level 2nd of biofuel use plants is non-foods, including the cellulose biofuels. Some products are typical created: biohydrogen, bio-methanol, biohydrogen diesel, general alcohol. The level 3rd of biofuel: fuel from algae. The level 4th of biofuel: base on the conversion of vegetable oil and biodiesel oil to paraffin .
3. Using Situation of Biofuels in the World and Vietnam
3.1. In the World
1) Biofuels were chosen for use in the energy profession as well as the transport profession of OPEC’s countries in the line production of substituted fuels for mineral petrol.
2) Brazil is the pioneered country for use of ethanol as substituted fuels.
3) Nowadays, the countries use biofuel such as: U.S.A, U.K, Germany, Italy, Austria, Belgium, France, Australia, Denmark, Sweden, Spain, Ireland, Hungary, Thailand, China.
3.2. Situation of the Using Biofuels Research in Vietnam
In Vietnam, raw materials for producing ethanol include: Rice: two granaries in Northern is Hong River delta, Northern provinces and Cuu Long River delta. Rice is used mainly for food, a processing industry, export. Corn: areas increased about 10 years later. Corn is used mainly as food for countryman in Northern, used as feed for domestic animals, some used as food for human. Sweet potato: many crops much, good for a sandy soil shallow. Some provinces in the high yield such as: Vinh Long province, Dong Thap province, An Giang and Kien Giang province... Cassava: is cropped much many places such as: mountainous midland in Northern, near the sea in Central area, the West highland, the South East... Sugar canes: are cropped much in East and West of South, have a total of 43 factories of sugar production. Raw materials to produce vegetable oil .
4. Object and Methods of Research
4.1. Object of Research
We brought the seeds of physix nuts (Jatropha curcas L) which are the households of farmers at Ninh Binh, Hoa Binh provinces.
4.2. Methods of Research
1. In the nature: we observed around about a place of study, learn about the situation of plantation, the kinds of trees (Loc Thanh village, Bao Lam district, Lam Dong province, Southwest of Viet Nam) in order to evaluate about the soil, water source, an environment. We planted physix nuts .
2. In the laboratory: We analyzed models of soil, water and analyzed the data, made the plan and wrote the report.
4.3. Time of Research
Since 2012 to 2023 (The experiment has been many times and 1 year was stopped by COVID-19).
5. Results and Discussion
Table 1. Results of water sample at the researching place.

Figure

Analytical quota

Lake water samples

Limit

Note

1

pH

7.22

6 – 8.5

2

Turbidity (NTU)

9

-

Excessive regulation

3

Colours (P.t – co)

8

-

Excessive regulation

4

Hardness (mg CaCO3/l)

7

-

Excessive regulation

5

Ca (mg/l)

1.60

-

6

Mg (mg/l)

0.72

-

7

Cl- (mg/l)

2.22

250

8

SO42- (mg/l)

1.21

-

9

SO43- (mg/l)

0.011

0.1

10

N – NO2 (mg/l)

NO having

0.01

11

N – NO3 (mg/l)

NO having

2

12

N – NH4+ (mg/l)

0.05

0.1

13

Coliform (MPN/100)

<0.03

2500

Excessive regulation

14

E – coli (MPN/100)

<0.03

20

Excessive regulation

(Source by: Analyzed at The Central of Environment, 2015)
A turbidity, color, hardness: high; Mg, Ca, Cl-, SO42-: high; NO2-, NO3-: not; E. Coli, Coliform: high
Table 2. Results of the soil sample at the research place.

Figure

Analytical quota

Results of the soil sample

Methods

1

pH (H2O) 1:5

6.33

2

pH (KCl) 1:5

4.58

Standard of VN 5979 – 1995

3

EC (μs/cm)

22.9

Standard of VN 6650 – 2000

4

Total N (%)

0.087

Standard of VN 6445 – 2000

5

Total P (%)

0.044

6

Total K (%)

0.020

AOAC 990.08 – 2000

7

Fe exchange (mg/100g)

20.12

8

Al3+ exchange (mg/100g)

2.37

9

Ca2+ exchange (mg/100g)

0.083

Standard of VN 6496 - 1999

10

Mg2+ exchange (mg/100g)

0.059

11

Form of soil

Sandy (%)

4.3

AOAC 2000

Clay (%)

59.3

Silt (%)

36.4

12

SO42- (g/100g)

0.987

Standard of VN 6656 - 2000

(Source by: Analyzed at The Central of Environment, 2015)
Soil is acid, it is poor of the nutrients, it must be fertilized by the humus or had been a neutral by lime powder
Table 3. Information is connected with physix nuts which planted at Bao Lam (Through each stage, we tended plant which grows follows).

Figure

Stage

Total plants from seeds

Times

Everage high (cm)

Everage diameter (cm)

Total of leaf on tree

Note

1

1

100

1 month

1 - 2

-

1

2

2

100

6 months

10 - 12

1

4 – 6

3

3

100

12 months

50 – 70

1 - 5

8 – 15

4

4

100

18 months

70 – 150

5 – 16

16 – 30

Trees for flowers, fruits

5

5

100

24 months

150 - 180

16 - 26

40 – 50

Trees for flowers, fruits

6

6

100

48 months

180 - 210

26-36

50-150

Harvesting fruits, oil seed pressed

Figure 1. Physix nuts (Jatropha curcas. L).
6. Comment
In general, plant good develops, high and diameter strong grows. In addition, lived in delta, plant have abilities grows in mountain land, be suitable for forest land development, contribute to minimize environmental pollution worldwide. Plant will bring with the biofuels in the future.
However, in the process of planting (from nursery, planting and tending outside), trees require that are planted and tended very special, because changing natural conditions, the physix nuts impacted significantly in the process of growth and development.
7. Conclusion
From the research to showed that the physix nuts can be planted and grows in mountain area of Bao Lam District, Lam Dong province , but in the plain area, the physix nuts develop more. The physix nuts will be potential tree, bring to benefit economy, protect environment and especially, provide biofuel for all over the world while scare.
By the benefits of biofuel that we said, we must use many biofuels replace gasolines, petroleum.... biofuels are excellent about many factors from materials to spiritual, environment. We must tell about the physix nuts, they are precious. They are not only make oils, but also medicines, too .
Abbreviations

pH

Potential of Hydrogen

N

Nitrogen

C

Carbon

CO

Oxide Carbon

CO2

Dioxide Carbon

Cl

Clor

Fe

Ferrum, Iron

Al

Aluminum

Ca

Calcium

Mg

Magnesium

O2

Oxygen

S

Sulfur

SO4

Sulfate

PO4+

Phosphate

NO2-

Nitrite

NO3-

Nitrate

NH4+

Ammonium

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

USA

United States of American

U.K

United Kingdom

Conflicts of Interest
We assure that we work, write this report with a cooperation and an unity, no conflicts of interest.
References
[1] National Library Medicine "Medicinal plants", Available from:
[2] National Library Medicine “Medicinal plants”, Available from:
[3] An Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Book “The necessaries trees on garden in the South of Vietnam”, Agricultural Publishing, Ho Chi Minh City, 1996, pages 4, 5.
[4] An Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Book “Human and environment”, Agricultural Publishing, Ho Chi Minh City, 1997, pages 133-145.
[5] An Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Book “The trees to cure the diseases and environment", Agricultural Publishing, Ho Chi Minh City, 2010, pages 18, 19.
[6] An Nguyen Thi Ngoc and alts, 2nd International Conference on Environment and Natural Resources “To apply growing tree for biofuel to serve everyday use - Decrease pollution”, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2010, pages 5-10.
[7] An Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Book “Energy: saving, effect, environmental protection and biofuel”, Agricultural Publishing, Ho Chi Minh City, ISBN: 978- 604-60-3574-9, 2022, pages 49-73.
[8] An Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Book “The urgent issues are relatives with an environment”, Agricultural Publishing, Ho Chi Minh City, ISBN: 978-604-60-3569-8, 2022, pages 49-62.
[9] Bao Lam district, “Document about a report of Bao Lam district, Lam Dong province”, 2015, pages 5-7.
[10] Chinh Nguyen Manh, Quyen Mai Van, Nghia Nguyen Van, Book “Doctor of the planting trees”, Agricultural Publishing, Ho Chi Minh City, 2005, pages 18-20.
[11] Ho Pham Hoang, Book “The vegetables of Vietnam country”, Montreal Publishing, 1991-1993, pages 245-247.
[12] Ministry of Industry and Trade, “Document about Scheme on development of biofuels by 2015 to 2025”, 2010, pages 23-29.
[13] Medicinal Ministry, Book “National Technical Regulation on the limits of metals contamination in food”, 2011, pages 4-6.
[14] Phu Nguyen Thien, Bao Nguyen The, Book “Energy conservation- Reasonably used, cost effective in industry”, Technical and Science Publishing, 2006, pages 98-100.
[15] Thinh Truong, “Document of Strategic investors in the Republic Lao People's Democratic”, 2010, pages 25-30.
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  • APA Style

    Ngoc, A. N. T., Thuy, T. H. N. (2025). Energy – Biodiesel Towards a Life of the Men: A Contribution in the Environmental Protection. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 10(3), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12

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    Ngoc, A. N. T.; Thuy, T. H. N. Energy – Biodiesel Towards a Life of the Men: A Contribution in the Environmental Protection. Int. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2025, 10(3), 49-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12

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    AMA Style

    Ngoc ANT, Thuy THN. Energy – Biodiesel Towards a Life of the Men: A Contribution in the Environmental Protection. Int J Energy Environ Sci. 2025;10(3):49-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12,
      author = {An Nguyen Thi Ngoc and Trang Huynh Nguyen Thuy},
      title = {Energy – Biodiesel Towards a Life of the Men: A Contribution in the Environmental Protection
    },
      journal = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science},
      volume = {10},
      number = {3},
      pages = {49-54},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijees.20251003.12},
      abstract = {Energy is the capacity to perform a physical system, an energy exists in several forms such as: a heat, the mechanical energy, the light, the potential energy, the electric power or some other forms. We use the fossil energy sources which has released large amounts of toxic gases, which are the causes of some diseases to human, affecting the environment and increases the greenhouse effect. Governments have many policies to clean up an environment. One of the most policies that is geared to an economy with “green energy”. In Vietnam country, the productive raw materials of the biological alcohol. The principal biodiesels include: paddies, maize, sweet potato, maniocs, sugar - canes and productive raw materials of the botanical oil are: soy beans, pea - nuts, the trees have many oils… and the physix nuts (Jatropha curcas L) - Those are the trees which make the biodiesel, too. The last time, everybody does not take care about them. We observed studied, knew that those trees have many big values, these physix nuts can place the fossil energy, this kind of oil helps to reduce their emission of “greenhouse” and specially no contained Sulfur (S), therefore very close to the environment. However, we had many methods to plant and to make the experiment about the physix nuts (Jatropha curcas L) in Loc Thanh village, Bao Lam district, Lam Dong province. By many times, we had a result about those trees which develop very well here, including mountainous areas.},
     year = {2025}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Energy – Biodiesel Towards a Life of the Men: A Contribution in the Environmental Protection
    
    AU  - An Nguyen Thi Ngoc
    AU  - Trang Huynh Nguyen Thuy
    Y1  - 2025/07/15
    PY  - 2025
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12
    T2  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    JF  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    JO  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    SP  - 49
    EP  - 54
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9546
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20251003.12
    AB  - Energy is the capacity to perform a physical system, an energy exists in several forms such as: a heat, the mechanical energy, the light, the potential energy, the electric power or some other forms. We use the fossil energy sources which has released large amounts of toxic gases, which are the causes of some diseases to human, affecting the environment and increases the greenhouse effect. Governments have many policies to clean up an environment. One of the most policies that is geared to an economy with “green energy”. In Vietnam country, the productive raw materials of the biological alcohol. The principal biodiesels include: paddies, maize, sweet potato, maniocs, sugar - canes and productive raw materials of the botanical oil are: soy beans, pea - nuts, the trees have many oils… and the physix nuts (Jatropha curcas L) - Those are the trees which make the biodiesel, too. The last time, everybody does not take care about them. We observed studied, knew that those trees have many big values, these physix nuts can place the fossil energy, this kind of oil helps to reduce their emission of “greenhouse” and specially no contained Sulfur (S), therefore very close to the environment. However, we had many methods to plant and to make the experiment about the physix nuts (Jatropha curcas L) in Loc Thanh village, Bao Lam district, Lam Dong province. By many times, we had a result about those trees which develop very well here, including mountainous areas.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

  • University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • Document Sections

    1. 1. Introduction About Energy and the Role of Energy to the Human Life
    2. 2. The Role of Energy for the Human Life- A Cause of Research
    3. 3. Using Situation of Biofuels in the World and Vietnam
    4. 4. Object and Methods of Research
    5. 5. Results and Discussion
    6. 6. Comment
    7. 7. Conclusion
    Show Full Outline
  • Abbreviations
  • Conflicts of Interest
  • References
  • Cite This Article
  • Author Information