Research Article
Carbon Agent: A Multi-Agent Framework for Oilfield Carbon Footprint Analysis via Dual-RAG and Planner-Executor
Qihang Liu
,
Wenjia Xu*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
25-37
Received:
20 March 2026
Accepted:
10 April 2026
Published:
21 April 2026
Abstract: Amid escalating global climate change and the pursuit of carbon-neutrality goals, carbon emission management and carbon footprint analysis have become central challenges in the green transition of the petroleum industry. Traditional carbon footprint accounting, however, is constrained by heterogeneous data sources, complex operational procedures, and high technical barriers for non-R&D personnel. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight multi-agent framework for oilfield carbon emission data analysis. Through natural-language interaction driven by LLM, the system integrates data access, a dual retrieval-augmented generation mechanism with Schema RAG and Document RAG, a Planner-Executor workflow, and automated report generation. Business personnel can complete intent parsing, SQL generation, statistical computation, chart rendering, and report composition through natural-language instructions. The framework is evaluated in real-world business scenarios across 13 oilfields, including basic query tasks, statistical analysis tasks, visualization generation tasks, report generation tasks, and multi-turn follow-up tasks. Experimental results show that the full system configuration, which combines Schema RAG, Planner-Executor, and Document RAG, increases the task completion rate to 93.3%, the SQL semantic consistency rate to 95.8%, and the visualization success rate to 100%, while also improving report quality and multi-turn interaction consistency. This framework lowers the technical barrier of complex data exploration, improves data processing efficiency, and provides a scalable and practical solution for the low-carbon digital transformation of the petroleum industry.
Abstract: Amid escalating global climate change and the pursuit of carbon-neutrality goals, carbon emission management and carbon footprint analysis have become central challenges in the green transition of the petroleum industry. Traditional carbon footprint accounting, however, is constrained by heterogeneous data sources, complex operational procedures, a...
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Research Article
Greenwashing and Consumer Protection in India:
A Socio-legal Study of University Students’ Awareness and Trust in Environmental Claims
Prashant Kumar Varun*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
38-46
Received:
13 January 2026
Accepted:
23 January 2026
Published:
28 May 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20261102.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Greenwashing has emerged as a significant challenge to consumer protection in the context of sustainable marketing, often misleading consumers through exaggerated or false environmental claims. While existing studies primarily examine greenwashing from a business ethics or marketing perspective, limited empirical research integrates consumer perceptions with the enforceability of legal remedies under consumer protection frameworks in developing countries. This study seeks to bridge this gap by empirically examining the awareness, trust, and behavioral responses of university students towards green marketing claims, alongside a legal analysis of consumer protection mechanisms in India. The study adopts a quantitative research design based on a questionnaire survey conducted among 53 university students in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh. Descriptive statistics and reliability analysis were employed to assess levels of awareness, trust in eco-labels, and perceived adequacy of legal remedies against greenwashing practices. The findings reveal moderate awareness of greenwashing concepts, low trust in environmental claims made by corporations, and limited knowledge regarding legal recourse under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. The study highlights a significant gap between consumer awareness and the practical enforceability of consumer rights, underscoring the need for stronger regulatory oversight, consumer education, and clearer sustainability disclosure standards. By integrating empirical evidence with legal analysis, this research contributes to the emerging discourse on greenwashing regulation in India and offers policy-relevant insights for strengthening consumer protection in the sustainability domain. This study does not treat consumer rights as an independent theme but examines consumer protection mechanisms only insofar as they address misleading environmental claims arising from greenwashing practices.
Abstract: Greenwashing has emerged as a significant challenge to consumer protection in the context of sustainable marketing, often misleading consumers through exaggerated or false environmental claims. While existing studies primarily examine greenwashing from a business ethics or marketing perspective, limited empirical research integrates consumer percep...
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