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Education and Technology for Industrial Power: The German Experience of Human Capital Accumulation

Received: 1 June 2021     Accepted: 13 July 2021     Published: 15 July 2021
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Abstract

Germany is both an industrial powerhouse and a human capital powerhouse. The first accumulation and rapid development of Germany's human capital not only effectively promoted its industry and economy, but also greatly enhanced its military strength and comprehensive national strength, playing a leading, creating and promoting role in the rise of the country. This paper analyzes the experience of human capital accumulation in Germany from the perspectives of education and science and technology, and discusses the changes of economic and demographic structure, the characteristics of human capital and the investment of human capital. Germany's human capital has three characteristics: cumulative advantage, leading knowledge and career orientation. Germany increases the investment in human capital through policies, funds and innovations. From the experience of Germany, human capital has a fundamental impact on the rise of a country. The general logic is that the rise of a country requires a strong overall national strength and good social order. When a country's human capital accumulates to a considerable extent and forms a great advantage, the vigor of human capital will be fully released under the implementation of appropriate national strategies or even seemingly accidental historical opportunities, which will lead to the release of the creative potential of the society and the economic potential of the country, thus opening the way for the rise of the country. By summarizing the model and experience of human capital accumulation in Germany, this paper provides reference for human capital investment policies of various countries.

Published in International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijefm.20210904.11
Page(s) 128-133
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Germany, Human Capital Investment, Human Capital Accumulation

References
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[2] Bond, M., et al. "Digital transformation in German higher education: student and teacher perceptions and usage of digital media." International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 15.1 (2018): 48.
[3] Dittmar, J. E., and R. R. Meisenzahl. "Public goods institutions, human capital, and growth: evidence from German history." LSE Research Online Documents on Economics (2020).
[4] Mincer, J. 1958. Investment in human capital and personal income distribution. Journal of Political Economy 66 (August): 281–302.
[5] Mincer, J. 1974. Schooling, experience and earnings. New York: Columbia University Press.
[6] Mincer, J. and S. Polachek. 1974. Family investment in human capital: Earnings of women. Journal of Political Economy 82 (2) Pt II: S76–S108.
[7] Maurseth, Per Botolf, and B. Frank. "The German Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Industry: Spatial Growth and Innovation Patterns." Regional Studies 43.4 (2009): 605-624.
[8] Moglie, M. L., L. Mencarini, and C. Rapallini. "Does income moderate the satisfaction of becoming a parent? In Germany it does and depends on education." Journal of Population Economics (2018).
[9] Poelhekke, Steven, “Human Capital and Employment Growth in German Metropolitan Areas: New Evidence” REGIONAL STUDIES, 47: 2 (2013), 245-263.
[10] Prantl S, Spitz-Oener A. The Impact of Immigration on Competing Natives' Wages: Evidence from German Reunification [J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2020, 102.
[11] Roy I, D Consoli. Employment Polarization in Germany: Role of Technology, Trade and Human Capital [J]. Jena Economic Research Papers, 2015.
[12] Schultz, T. 1961. Investment in human capital. American Economic Review 51 (March): 1–17.
[13] Stein, Volker. “Human Capital Management: The German Way.” Zeitschrift Für Personalforschung / German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, vol. 21, no. 3, 2007, pp. 295–321.
[14] Scholl, T., T. Brenner, and M. Wendel. "Evolving localization patterns of company foundationsEvidence from the German MST-industry." Journal of Evolutionary Economics 26.5 (2016): 1-21.
[15] Souza, W. D., and B. Gabriel. "Immigration and the path dependence of education: the case of German–speakers in So Paulo, Brazil (1840–1920)." Economic History Review (2018).
[16] Vehrke F J. Fostering place-based innovation and internationalization – the new turn in German technology policy [J]. European Planning Studies, 2018.
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  • APA Style

    Liu Chunyang, Gao Ke, Yang Chen. (2021). Education and Technology for Industrial Power: The German Experience of Human Capital Accumulation. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 9(4), 128-133. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20210904.11

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    ACS Style

    Liu Chunyang; Gao Ke; Yang Chen. Education and Technology for Industrial Power: The German Experience of Human Capital Accumulation. Int. J. Econ. Finance Manag. Sci. 2021, 9(4), 128-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20210904.11

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    AMA Style

    Liu Chunyang, Gao Ke, Yang Chen. Education and Technology for Industrial Power: The German Experience of Human Capital Accumulation. Int J Econ Finance Manag Sci. 2021;9(4):128-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ijefm.20210904.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijefm.20210904.11,
      author = {Liu Chunyang and Gao Ke and Yang Chen},
      title = {Education and Technology for Industrial Power: The German Experience of Human Capital Accumulation},
      journal = {International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {128-133},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijefm.20210904.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20210904.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijefm.20210904.11},
      abstract = {Germany is both an industrial powerhouse and a human capital powerhouse. The first accumulation and rapid development of Germany's human capital not only effectively promoted its industry and economy, but also greatly enhanced its military strength and comprehensive national strength, playing a leading, creating and promoting role in the rise of the country. This paper analyzes the experience of human capital accumulation in Germany from the perspectives of education and science and technology, and discusses the changes of economic and demographic structure, the characteristics of human capital and the investment of human capital. Germany's human capital has three characteristics: cumulative advantage, leading knowledge and career orientation. Germany increases the investment in human capital through policies, funds and innovations. From the experience of Germany, human capital has a fundamental impact on the rise of a country. The general logic is that the rise of a country requires a strong overall national strength and good social order. When a country's human capital accumulates to a considerable extent and forms a great advantage, the vigor of human capital will be fully released under the implementation of appropriate national strategies or even seemingly accidental historical opportunities, which will lead to the release of the creative potential of the society and the economic potential of the country, thus opening the way for the rise of the country. By summarizing the model and experience of human capital accumulation in Germany, this paper provides reference for human capital investment policies of various countries.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    AU  - Liu Chunyang
    AU  - Gao Ke
    AU  - Yang Chen
    Y1  - 2021/07/15
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    JF  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20210904.11
    AB  - Germany is both an industrial powerhouse and a human capital powerhouse. The first accumulation and rapid development of Germany's human capital not only effectively promoted its industry and economy, but also greatly enhanced its military strength and comprehensive national strength, playing a leading, creating and promoting role in the rise of the country. This paper analyzes the experience of human capital accumulation in Germany from the perspectives of education and science and technology, and discusses the changes of economic and demographic structure, the characteristics of human capital and the investment of human capital. Germany's human capital has three characteristics: cumulative advantage, leading knowledge and career orientation. Germany increases the investment in human capital through policies, funds and innovations. From the experience of Germany, human capital has a fundamental impact on the rise of a country. The general logic is that the rise of a country requires a strong overall national strength and good social order. When a country's human capital accumulates to a considerable extent and forms a great advantage, the vigor of human capital will be fully released under the implementation of appropriate national strategies or even seemingly accidental historical opportunities, which will lead to the release of the creative potential of the society and the economic potential of the country, thus opening the way for the rise of the country. By summarizing the model and experience of human capital accumulation in Germany, this paper provides reference for human capital investment policies of various countries.
    VL  - 9
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Author Information
  • School of Finance and Finance, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China

  • School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing, China

  • School of Shizhong District Party Committee of Jinan, Jinan, China

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