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Research Article
Linking Between Water Ecosystem Services’ Perception and Rural Migration in Sahelian Wetlands: Evidence-based from Inner Niger Delta in Mali
Beteo Zongo*,
Abdouramane Djibo Gado,
Omer S. Combary,
Mori Diallo,
Karounga Keïta,
Patrice Toé,
Souleymane Ouedraogo,
Thomas Dogot
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
228-237
Received:
Sep. 23, 2023
Accepted:
Oct. 20, 2023
Published:
Nov. 11, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijae.20230806.11
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Abstract: Sahel’s largest wetland, the Inner Niger Delta (IND) is highly productive with a biologically diverse ecosystem and fed by seasonal floods. It plays a crucial role in shaping culture and driving local and national economies. Over one million people composed mainly of fishermen, farmers, and breeders that depend on the vitality of these wetlands. Despite the resources that the IND contained, people continue to migrate to other countries. The main objective of this study is to analyze the link between water ecosystem services and the migration of IND’s inhabitants. Specific objectives are to understand the endogen perception of ecosystem services and identify the determinants of migration outside wetlands. Based on recent household surveys including the econometric model, results show that 36.9% of respondents have at least one member who migrated out of IND. The remittances from migrants support 41.2% of respondents and 29.8% of them have the intention to migrate. The determinants of migration intention are gender, household size, land access, employment opportunities in livestock and fishing, submersion practice, soil fertility, peaceful natural resources management, credit access, migrated household members, and remittances from migrants. To limit migration, it is necessary to restore and conserve water ecosystems through innovations in climate change adaptation, integrated water resource management, and people sensitization towards nature-based solutions practices.
Abstract: Sahel’s largest wetland, the Inner Niger Delta (IND) is highly productive with a biologically diverse ecosystem and fed by seasonal floods. It plays a crucial role in shaping culture and driving local and national economies. Over one million people composed mainly of fishermen, farmers, and breeders that depend on the vitality of these wetlands. De...
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Research Article
Technical Efficiency of Groundnut Production: The Case of North Western Ethiopia
Desalegn Teshale Wolde*,
Belete Woundefiraw,
Welay Tesfaye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
238-244
Received:
Apr. 28, 2023
Accepted:
Jun. 19, 2023
Published:
Nov. 17, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijae.20230806.12
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Abstract: This study was aimed to measure the technical efficiency of farmers and to investigate determinants of technical inefficiency of groundnut producers in the north western parts of Ethiopia. A Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from 201 randomly selected groundnut producers in the North western parts of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production model was employed. The result showed that the average technical efficiency of groundnut production was 0.68. This indicates, given the available existing technology, groundnut production can be increased by 32%. The SFP model revealed that area and labor were found to be statistically and positively significant at 1 and 5% significance levels respectively. The positive result suggests; a 1% increase can have a potential increase in the yield of groundnut. The maximum likelihood estimates of the SFP model showed that Age, livestock ownership, marital status and training of the household head was found to be negatively influenced the technical inefficiency; whereas, sex of the household head and proximity to the nearest market were positively influenced technical inefficiency of groundnut producers. Therefore, this study suggests that improving livestock ownership and productivity, integrating women with agricultural extension service and programs, and arranging farmers experience sharing will enhance the technical efficiency of the farmers.
Abstract: This study was aimed to measure the technical efficiency of farmers and to investigate determinants of technical inefficiency of groundnut producers in the north western parts of Ethiopia. A Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from 201 randomly selected groundnut producers in the North western parts of Ethiopia. Descr...
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Research Article
Farmer’s Perception Towards Agricultural Lime Technology in the Case of Ejere District, West Shewa, Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
245-250
Received:
Oct. 11, 2023
Accepted:
Oct. 31, 2023
Published:
Nov. 17, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijae.20230806.13
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Abstract: The purpose of the study is to find out how farmers perceive about agricultural lime technologies in some chosen kebeles within the districts of Ejere. This study examines farmers' opinions about lime technology were measured using a scale with items developed for the purpose of this study. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to draw 145 sample households from one woreda and three kebeles. Using a Likert type scale, sample respondents' responses to the perception were examined. According to the degree of agreement, the outcome showed that the perception on the statement lime treat (amend) soil acidity, improve crop yield, improve crop yield for consecutive years, reduce crop disease showed positive perception from the respondent Whereas, perception on the statement lime needs additional labor and time, technological availability and soil acidity testing service shows the lowest degree of agreement in relation to the other level of agreement parameters taken into consideration. Despite the fact that the study area's households benefit more from technology, It is discouraged for certain farmers to use the lime technology due to unavailability of the technology (lime shortage), unawareness about lime technology, transportation problem, labor shortage and a problem of soil acidity testing service were some of the elements influencing the study area's adoption of lime technology. Therefore, the government, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders focused more on making better access to agricultural lime timely and needed to put in place infrastructural and policy support at different levels for technical interventions to address the problem of acid soils in general and in the study area in particular.
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to find out how farmers perceive about agricultural lime technologies in some chosen kebeles within the districts of Ejere. This study examines farmers' opinions about lime technology were measured using a scale with items developed for the purpose of this study. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to draw 145 s...
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Research Article
The Fiscal and Tax Policies on the Development of Agricultural GMOs in China: Retrospect, Status Quo and Prospect
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
251-256
Received:
Sep. 07, 2023
Accepted:
Sep. 26, 2023
Published:
Nov. 21, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijae.20230806.14
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Abstract: The author studies the fiscal and tax policies on GMOs for agriculture in China, mainly focusing on enterprise income tax and value-added tax to analyze how these polices implement China’s GMO strategy and their related role, and reflect the development history of GMOs for agriculture in China. Firstly, the author illustrates China’s past and present strategy for GMO technology application. Currently, under the new food security policy of “ensuring basic self-sufficiency of grain and absolute security of staple food”, China supports the technical research on GMOs for agriculture, prudently promotes the related industrialization, and emphasizes safety supervision. The safety supervision of agricultural GMOs, which is the focus of national policy, has been implemented and strengthened through a series of laws and regulations. Secondly, by examining the past and present fiscal and tax policies relating to the above-mentioned GMO strategies, the basic features of China’s policies are as follows: in terms of fiscal policy, a large amount of financial funds have been invested in agricultural GMO development and supervision in a bidirectional and balanced way; in terms of tax policy, there are many tax incentives, but the ones solely for agricultural GMO development and supervision are few. Finally, the fiscal and tax policies are important and necessary tool to implement national GMO strategy. As China continues to enlarge the industrialization and further strengthen the supervision of GMOs for agriculture, and considering particularly that recently China proposed a new strategy for grain “not only full but also good with greater importance for people”, the fiscal support and tax incentives policies may be strengthened to implement future GMO strategy, especially on safety supervision.
Abstract: The author studies the fiscal and tax policies on GMOs for agriculture in China, mainly focusing on enterprise income tax and value-added tax to analyze how these polices implement China’s GMO strategy and their related role, and reflect the development history of GMOs for agriculture in China. Firstly, the author illustrates China’s past and prese...
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Research Article
Comparative Analysis of Small Scale Irrigation Users’ Household Income Among Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Horo District, Ethiopia
Shibeshi Fekadu Tolesa,
Gizahu Fetene Zeleke
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
257-266
Received:
Oct. 26, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 10, 2023
Published:
Nov. 21, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijae.20230806.15
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Abstract: Agriculture is the mainstay of the country's economy and the major source of foreign exchange earnings and domestic consumption. To improve the prevailing low level of production and productivity the use of yield improving inputs is of paramount important. As the potential to increase production by bringing more resources into use became more and more limited, the efficiency with which the farmers use available resources has received the utmost attention. This being the case, in this study, an attempt was made to compare analysis of small scale irrigation users’ household income among small holder farmers. Allocations of the number of sample households 64 from non-user and 64 from users of irrigation and was proportional to the number of household for non-user and user of irrigation living in each sampled three kebels. Logit models were used to estimate determinants of household income. According to the finding of this study, Education of household head, Livestock holding measured in Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU), and Use of input have statistically and positive contribution to income. Therefore, the strengthening both formal and informal education and vocation or skill training, adequate veterinary service (improved breed), improved water supply points, introduce of timely and effective forage development program for Livestock holding, high yield variety to supply (provide) to households, awareness creation on management (how to use input, sowing and weeding) and to introduce new inputs like chemical fertilizers, new seeds, pesticides and etc.
Abstract: Agriculture is the mainstay of the country's economy and the major source of foreign exchange earnings and domestic consumption. To improve the prevailing low level of production and productivity the use of yield improving inputs is of paramount important. As the potential to increase production by bringing more resources into use became more and m...
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Research Article
Current Practices of Farmers Adoption of Improved Food Barley Variety in Case Study of Welmera District of Oromia Region Ethiopia
Endale Mekonnen*,
Bogale Ayana
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
267-273
Received:
Oct. 25, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 10, 2023
Published:
Nov. 24, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijae.20230806.16
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Abstract: This research activity was conducted in Welmera districts of west Shewa zone Oromia with the objective of examining the current practice of smallholder farmers toward the adoption of improved food barley varieties in the study area. Food barley is a stable grain, widely grown by farmers in Ethiopia's different highlands. One of the most important tactics for ensuring food security in the nations is seen to be improving its production. One of the most widely consumed and produced foods is food barley in the district. The aim of this research was to assess the current practices of farmers toward the adoption of improved food barley in the study area. This study used a three-stage sampling procedure in which purposive selection of district and Kebeles were selected by using random sampling. Stratified sampling was employed to identify adopters and non-adopters and simple random sampling was used to select respondents. The study is based on primary data collected from 142 samples selected through an interview schedule-assisted survey questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that adopters and non-adopters of improved food barley varieties differ in their land preparation, fertilizer application, topdressing, weeding and protection practices, as well as seed preparation and seedling assessment In general, the study concluded that adopters were better practice recommended extension package. Therefore, the extension and research system should address these factors to provide solutions.
Abstract: This research activity was conducted in Welmera districts of west Shewa zone Oromia with the objective of examining the current practice of smallholder farmers toward the adoption of improved food barley varieties in the study area. Food barley is a stable grain, widely grown by farmers in Ethiopia's different highlands. One of the most important t...
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Research Article
Research on Financial Services Supporting Agricultural Industrialization in Tai'an City
Chongyi Gong,
Dongqin Lv*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
274-278
Received:
Nov. 06, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 22, 2023
Published:
Dec. 05, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijae.20230806.17
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Abstract: As a major agricultural city, Tai'an has long been committed to the development of agricultural industrialization and provided some financial support. However, the support of financial services for agricultural industrialization is not sufficient. Therefore, studying the path of financial services supporting agricultural industrialization in Tai'an City has significant theoretical and practical significance. This article first analyzes the necessity of financial services to support agricultural industrialization, which is reflected in the cultivation of leading enterprises, investment in production factors, infrastructure construction, production base construction, introduction, development and promotion of high-tech, and the high risks of agricultural industrialization that require financial services to support. Then, the current situation and existing problems of financial services supporting the development of agricultural industrialization in Tai'an City were analyzed, including insufficient rural financial support for agriculture, too single financial service products, optimization of financial service methods, inadequate credit guarantee system, poor financial credit environment, insufficient insurance services, and insufficient government financial support for agricultural industrialization. Finally, propose corresponding policy recommendations: Strengthen the support for agriculture in rural cooperative finance. Strengthen the support for agriculture through policy based finance in rural areas. Strengthen the support for agriculture in rural commercial finance. Strengthen the support for agriculture through private finance. Optimize financial service methods. Innovate financial service products. Improve the credit guarantee system. Optimize the financial credit environment. Improve insurance services. To establish a long-term and effective agricultural industry development system, the Tai'an Municipal Government needs to play its own guiding and supporting role.
Abstract: As a major agricultural city, Tai'an has long been committed to the development of agricultural industrialization and provided some financial support. However, the support of financial services for agricultural industrialization is not sufficient. Therefore, studying the path of financial services supporting agricultural industrialization in Tai'an...
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