Research Article
Rethinking the Etiology of Urban Insecurity in Bukavu:
A Criminological Perspective
Sanganiro Koko Merci*
,
Safari Rwidegembya Lebon
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-6
Received:
21 October 2025
Accepted:
28 November 2025
Published:
27 March 2026
Abstract: For several decades, the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has faced a continuous deterioration of the insecurity situation. In this context of persistent violence, the South Kivu province, and primarily its capital city, Bukavu, has not been spared. On the contrary, the latter is confronted with growing urban insecurity, characterized by an alarming frequency of criminal acts and serious offenses. This situation, far from being temporary, reflects a context of weakened governance, notably due to the presence of illegitimate authorities linked to the M23-AFC (Mouvement du 23 Mars/Allience Fleuve Congo) coalition. The lack of an adequate institutional response to this insecurity has reinforced a sense of abandonment and vulnerability among the local population already vulnerable due to the spike in urban violence or criminal activity. This article offers an analysis of the underlying causes of this unprecedented security crisis by examining the political, social, and institutional dynamics at play in the city of Bukavu. The study focuses on the various triggers of local insecurity, including residential burglary, the pervasive feeling of insecurity, organized crime, murder and the concerning phenomenon of vigilantism (popular or mob justice). The findings will allow us to formulate concrete recommendations and propose a partial guide for decision making bodies and the local improve the security situation and foster the emergence of a safer society.
Abstract: For several decades, the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has faced a continuous deterioration of the insecurity situation. In this context of persistent violence, the South Kivu province, and primarily its capital city, Bukavu, has not been spared. On the contrary, the latter is confronted with growing urban insecurity, characterized by an ala...
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Research Article
Complementary Intelligence: Redefining Human Purpose and Agency in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Belay Sitotaw Goshu*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
7-21
Received:
6 March 2026
Accepted:
17 March 2026
Published:
29 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpbs.20261101.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, from generative language models to autonomous systems has reignited fundamental questions about human purpose and agency in an era of intelligent machines. This paper addresses the resulting anxiety of obsolescence by proposing and defending a normative framework of complementary intelligence for understanding and guiding human-AI relations. The study employs philosophical analysis grounded in ethics of technology, philosophical anthropology, and critical AI studies, while engaging interdisciplinary research on human-AI teaming, cognitive science, and technology governance. The central argument is that the appropriate human role in AI development is threefold: to guide AI systems through moral and ethical direction that machines cannot supply; to collaborate with AI by contributing distinctively human capacities, meaning-making, contextual judgment, genuine creativity, and emotional presence; and to cultivate the social, educational, institutional, and philosophical conditions under which AI serves human flourishing rather than merely optimizing for efficiency. The paper makes three novel contributions: it moves beyond both competitive and posthumanist framings by articulating a genuine alternative; it provides normative specificity about which human capacities require protection and why; and it bridges philosophical anthropology with practical AI ethics, demonstrating that questions about human nature are essential foundations for responsible innovation. The findings demonstrate that human and artificial intelligences are not opposing forces on a single continuum but fundamentally different kinds of capacities suited to different kinds of tasks, and that these differences constitute resources for genuine partnership rather than deficits to be overcome. The paper concludes that human flourishing in the AI era depends not on competing with machines but on reclaiming and cultivating the capacities that only humans possess. Recommendations include designing for complementarity rather than mere capability, regulatory frameworks mandating meaningful human oversight, educational transformation prioritizing distinctly human capacities, and democratic engagement with technological development as a non-negotiable condition of responsible innovation.
Abstract: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, from generative language models to autonomous systems has reignited fundamental questions about human purpose and agency in an era of intelligent machines. This paper addresses the resulting anxiety of obsolescence by proposing and defending a normative framework of complementary intelligence for un...
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