Research Article
Ionic Conductivity and Structural Evolution in
Na2B4O7–Bi2O3 Glasses: Influence of Bi2O3 Content and Temperature
Kuchakshoev Davlatnazar Sohibnazarovich*
,
Dzhaborov Alexander Gulyamovich,
Kholov Alimakhmad
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
16-25
Received:
3 January 2026
Accepted:
17 January 2026
Published:
2 June 2026
Abstract: This study investigates the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity of glassy materials with compositions α·Bi2O3 + (1–α)·Na2B4O7, where the Bi2O3 content varies from 10 to 30 mol.%. The motivation for this work arises from the growing interest in Bi2O3-containing borate glasses as potential ionic conductors for electronic and photonic applications, as well as from the need to clarify the mechanisms governing charge transport in these systems. Electrical conductivity measurements were performed under controlled heating conditions with a constant heating rate, ensuring high reproducibility and reliability of the experimental data. The temperature dependence of conductivity was analyzed over a broad temperature range extending from ambient conditions up to approximately 680 K. In the low-temperature region (up to 420–450 K), only minor changes in conductivity were observed, indicating limited mobility of charge carriers and the dominance of localized transport processes. At higher temperatures, a pronounced increase in conductivity occurs, which is attributed to the thermally activated migration of mobile ions. The analysis of the conductivity data demonstrates that sodium ions act as the dominant charge carriers in the investigated compositions. This conclusion is supported by the characteristic Arrhenius-type behavior at elevated temperatures and by the absence of features typical for electronic conduction. Visual inspection of the samples after electrical measurements, complemented by scanning electron microscopy, confirms the preservation of the glassy state and supports the predominance of ionic conduction mechanisms. The results reveal a strong dependence of electrical conductivity on Bi2O3 concentration, reflecting composition-induced structural modifications of the glass network that influence ion mobility. Overall, the present study provides new insights into ion-transport mechanisms in Bi2O3–Na2B4O7 glasses and highlights the critical role of glass composition in controlling their temperature-dependent electrical properties.
Abstract: This study investigates the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity of glassy materials with compositions α·Bi2O3 + (1–α)·Na2B4O7, where the Bi2O3 content varies from 10 to 30 mol.%. The motivation for this work arises from the growing interest in Bi2O3-containing borate glasses as potential ionic conductors for electronic and photonic applic...
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Research Article
Using Modified BCS to Explain High-Temperature Superconductivity in YBCO Compounds
Alaa Faisal Bashir*,
Mubarak Dirar Abd-Alla
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
26-29
Received:
4 December 2025
Accepted:
21 February 2026
Published:
6 August 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjap.20261102.12
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Abstract: Superconducting materials pays attention of scientists for its important roles in generation of powerful magnetic field and electric energy beside transportation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this search, Six cases of the behavior of superconducting materials and Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) compounds were studied. The aim of this work is to explain behavior of superconductors by using quantum, statistical and mechanical laws. The methodology is based on using mathematical derivation based on basic physical laws then comparing the results obtained with experimental foundation. The first case was investigated infinite conductivity, we are assuming that electrical damping serves as a measure of the resistance to the motion of magnetic vortices, which arise due to strong magnetic fields in type-II superconductors. The second and third cases, was compared critical temperature of high-temperature superconductivity on the YBCO compounds between using condensed matter laws and modified BCS theory. Firstly, we calculated the Tc by using the number density and momentum quantization for Fermi level but this concept is failed to explain the Tc for YBCO compounds. Secondly, critical temperature of YBCO compounds was derived by using a modified BCS theory. We assumed that the mechanism of Cooper pair formation in HTSC is due to the magnetic exchange resulting from random spin fluctuations for electrons, this result indicate the Tc is strongly dependent on the Debye temperature. After was taken experiments value for Debye temperature for YBCO, was calculated the critical temperature was given , recently we noticed the modified BCS theory its give better expression for Tc on YBCO than condensed matter.
Abstract: Superconducting materials pays attention of scientists for its important roles in generation of powerful magnetic field and electric energy beside transportation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this search, Six cases of the behavior of superconducting materials and Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) compounds were studied. The aim of this ...
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