Research Article
Assessment of Household Livelihood Vulnerability to Flood Risks Among the Livestock Farmers in Kilosa District, Morogoro-Tanzania
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 5, October 2026
Pages:
105-117
Received:
20 July 2026
Accepted:
14 August 2026
Published:
9 September 2026
Abstract: Flood risk is a challenge extending physical exposure to encompass household livelihood vulnerability. This study explored livestock farmers’ household livelihood vulnerability to flood risk in Kilosa District, Morogoro, Tanzania. Using the Livelihood Vulnerability Framework (LVI-IPCC), the study highlighted social-demographic profile, livelihood strategies, social networks, health, food, water, natural disasters and climate variability, and flood coping and adaptation capacity as the key contributors to livestock farmers’ household livelihood vulnerability to flood risk. The questionnaires and interview methods were used to collect data from 138 respondents. The data were processed using SPSS Version 20, with descriptive and Livelihood Vulnerability Framework (LVI-IPCC) approaches. The findings highlighted uniform exposure of the study wards to flooding impacts, whereby the overall LVI-IPCC (0.431) indicated moderately to highly household livelihood vulnerability to flood risk. Despite these challenges, communities demonstrated resilience through relocation of livestock (35.5%), using savings (33.3%), selling livestock to cover costs (65.9%), and borrowing (13.8%). Diversification into alternative income-generating activities such as crop farming and trading was prevalent. Weak infrastructure and support systems hindered long-term resilience. Since local adaptive approaches provided essential short-term relief, there is a need for integrated policy interventions to enhance adaptive capacity. Addressing household livelihood vulnerability provides a comprehensive understanding for building sustainable livestock-based livelihoods in the face of increasing climate change and variability.
Abstract: Flood risk is a challenge extending physical exposure to encompass household livelihood vulnerability. This study explored livestock farmers’ household livelihood vulnerability to flood risk in Kilosa District, Morogoro, Tanzania. Using the Livelihood Vulnerability Framework (LVI-IPCC), the study highlighted social-demographic profile, livelihood s...
Show More
Research Article
Climate Change, Associated Risks and Environmental Damages in Mozambique: A Systematic Review
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 5, October 2026
Pages:
118-130
Received:
6 September 2026
Accepted:
4 October 2026
Published:
29 October 2026
Abstract: Climate change is one of the most significant environmental and societal challenges of the twenty-first century. Its effects are expressed through changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events, environmental degradation, and growing risks to human livelihoods and well-being. Mozambique is particularly vulnerable because of its exposure to floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, coastal erosion, and other climate-related hazards, as well as its limited adaptive capacity in many communities. This article aims to review the state of the art on climate change and associated environmental risks, with particular emphasis on studies conducted in Mozambique. It also seeks to identify the main theoretical approaches, research trends, and knowledge gaps in the analysis of climate variability, vulnerability, impacts, resilience, and adaptation. The study adopted a qualitative approach based on a narrative literature review of scientific articles, reports, and other relevant academic publications addressing climate change, climate variability, environmental risks, vulnerability, resilience, and Mozambique. The reviewed literature was analyzed thematically in order to identify the principal concerns, methodologies, and findings presented by previous studies. The review shows that the international literature has substantially advanced the understanding of the environmental and human consequences of climate change, particularly in relation to vulnerability, adaptation, resilience, and disaster risk. In Mozambique, however, most studies focus on the impacts of natural disasters, vulnerability assessments, resilience, adaptation strategies, and projected climate-change scenarios. Comparatively fewer studies provide robust statistical analyses of historical temperature and precipitation records to demonstrate observed climate anomalies and long-term climatic trends. This limitation reduces the empirical basis for distinguishing between climate variability and anthropogenic climate change at local and regional scales. The article concludes that future research in Mozambique should combine vulnerability and impact assessments with systematic analyses of observed climatic data, climate indices, and regional climate projections. Such an integrated approach would strengthen the scientific basis for environmental planning, risk reduction, adaptation policies, and sustainable territorial development.
Abstract: Climate change is one of the most significant environmental and societal challenges of the twenty-first century. Its effects are expressed through changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events, environmental degradation, and growing risks to human livelihoods and well-being. Mozambique i...
Show More
,
Greyson Zabron Nyamoga
