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Research Article
Modelling Gas and Gasoline Production from Cottonseed Oil on Fixed-fluidized Bed Catalytic Cracking over Nbfeapso-5 Molecular Sieve
Nchare Mominou*,
Iyami Bintou Moctar,
Mboindi Njifehou Abdel Mahlik,
Anutebeh Verdo Zisuh
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
28-35
Received:
27 May 2025
Accepted:
12 June 2025
Published:
4 July 2025
Abstract: The potential for producing hydrocarbons from the conversion of biofuels has been the focus of attention in recent years. In a preliminary study, we observed that it was possible to produce biofuels from cottonseed oil by fixed-fluidized bed catalytic cracking at ambient pressure, using fluid catalytic cracker equilibrium catalyst. In the present work, the production of biofuels from cottonseed oil by fixed-fluidized bed catalytic cracking at ambient pressure, using niobium containing aluminophosphate molecular sieve (NbFeAPSO-5), was studied. The effect of reaction temperature (400-500°C), catalyst-to-oil ratio (6-10) and residence time (50-90 s) were studied. The response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum values of the operating variables for maximum yield of biofuels in the liquid product obtained. The optimum values of reaction temperature of 420.2°C, catalyst to oil ratio of 8.8 g/g and the residence time of 51 seconds were obtained for maximum yield of light fuel oil (≤ 360°C) 68.6 wt%, gasoline fraction (≤ 205°C) 37.7 wt% and minimum yield of gas 15.6 wt%. The catalytic cracking of cottonseed oil in a fixed-fluidized bed reactor produced a liquid product rich in gasoline and diesel fraction.
Abstract: The potential for producing hydrocarbons from the conversion of biofuels has been the focus of attention in recent years. In a preliminary study, we observed that it was possible to produce biofuels from cottonseed oil by fixed-fluidized bed catalytic cracking at ambient pressure, using fluid catalytic cracker equilibrium catalyst. In the present w...
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Research Article
Evaluation of Treatment Efficiency and Agricultural Suitability of Effluents from Bedele Brewery Share Company
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
36-50
Received:
5 June 2025
Accepted:
19 June 2025
Published:
19 August 2025
Abstract: In the world, brewing industry is one of an important industrial sector for food, economics, and employment. In the brewing industries water has a broad application in the entries process. However, after the entering of water to the sector, huge amount of water discharged as a wastewater. Bedele Brewery Share Company is one of the brewing industry in Bedele, Ethiopia and it treats its effluent before discharges into the nearby environments which can serve as an irrigation source for downstream farmers. In this study some physic-chemical, as well as biological parameters were analyzed accordingly. Amongst of physical parameters; temperature, pH, turbidity and EC were determined on-site by mercury thermometer, multimeter, Palin test, and multimeter respectively. A parameters such as; TS, TDS, TSS and VSS were determined by the gravimetric method in the laboratory. From the chemical parameters phosphate was determined by spectroscopic method and chloride as well as COD was determined by titration through Mohr’s method. BOD and from the biological parameters (microorganisms) were determined by incubation and dilution methods respectively. The percentage removal of most parameters was above 86% in three different days with slight variations in each parameter. The highest percentage removal was achieved for EC (87.08%), followed by TDS, TS and TSS (94.81%, 94.47% and 95.87%), in three days respectively. The results demonstrate that no statistically significant differences were found between results conducted in a three different days for each parameter. However, further improvement has been required for the treatment plant.
Abstract: In the world, brewing industry is one of an important industrial sector for food, economics, and employment. In the brewing industries water has a broad application in the entries process. However, after the entering of water to the sector, huge amount of water discharged as a wastewater. Bedele Brewery Share Company is one of the brewing industry ...
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Research Article
Reusable Ethylenediamine-Grafted Cellulose Fabric for Efficient Cu(II) and Pb(II) Removal from Water
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
51-61
Received:
19 July 2025
Accepted:
31 July 2025
Published:
20 August 2025
Abstract: In response to the growing problem of water contamination by heavy metals, this work presents the design of an innovative and promising bioadsorbent: a cellulose fabric functionalized through covalent grafting of ethylenediamine (Cell-EDA). The chemical modification was carried out in three successive steps: alkaline mercerization, tosylation in pyridine medium, and nucleophilic substitution. FTIR spectroscopy, supported by a semi-quantitative analysis of characteristic absorption bands, confirmed the successful introduction of amine groups. The adsorption performance was evaluated for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions as a function of pH, contact time, and initial concentration. Maximum removal efficiencies reached 90% for Cu(II) at pH 4 and 96% for Pb(II) at pH 8. Kinetic studies followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption. The Freundlich and Temkin isotherms revealed multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, while the Langmuir model yielded maximum adsorption capacities of 55.9 mg/g for Cu(II) and 131.6 mg/g for Pb(II), highlighting the strong retention capacity of the material. The Cell-EDA fabric retained over 75% of its adsorption efficiency after five consecutive cycles, demonstrating good stability and excellent reusability. The use of cellulose fabric, which offers greater mechanical strength than powder or paper-based supports, gives Cell-EDA significant potential for sustainable applications in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated effluents.
Abstract: In response to the growing problem of water contamination by heavy metals, this work presents the design of an innovative and promising bioadsorbent: a cellulose fabric functionalized through covalent grafting of ethylenediamine (Cell-EDA). The chemical modification was carried out in three successive steps: alkaline mercerization, tosylation in py...
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Research Article
Comparative Biodegradation Studies of Butyl and Dodecyl - Functionalized Carbon Nanofibers Dispersed in Cellulose Acetate Polymer Nanocomposites
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
62-71
Received:
12 July 2025
Accepted:
4 August 2025
Published:
27 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijec.20250902.14
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Abstract: Biodegradable nanocomposites incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have gained significant traction due to their environmentally friendly nature. The use of functionalized CNFs enhances the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of nanocomposites. The ultimate properties and biodegradation rate of these nanocomposites are significantly influenced by the type and structure of the CNFs dispersed within the biodegradable polymer matrix. Nanocomposites were prepared by blending 0.2% w/w of the functionalized butyl, and dodecyl CNFs in cellulose acetate polymer matrix. The study sought to establish the effect of the butyl, and dodecyl moieties on the degradation rate of biodegradable cellulose acetate. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the dispersion of CNFs within the polymer matrix and the surface characteristics of the resulting nanocomposites. Respirometry (CO2 emission) and gravimetry (change in mass) techniques were used to determine the biodegradation rate of the nanocomposites. The study found out that incorporation of functionalized CNFs into the biodegradable polymer matrix had an impact on the biodegradation rates of the formed nanocomposites. From the cumulative amounts of CO2 evolved during the respirometry and cumulative weight lost during the test period, the nanocomposites had a reduced rate of degradation compared to the reference blank. This could be attributed to an increase in polymer crystallinity caused by the addition of the alky moieties that increased the adherence of the CNFs to the polymer matrix. Individual alky functionalized nanocomposite also had different rates of degradation with the butyl nanocomposite degrading much faster than the dodecyl, respectively. Overall, the results indicated a slight increase in the time required for the nanocomposite to degrade to less than 1% of the original sample as compared to the reference blank. The study and its findings have generated new scientific knowledge that could be relevant in the fabrication biodegradable nanocomposites based on a diverse range of other polymeric and nonpolymeric matrices and importantly approximately how long the fibers can be in the environment after their useful life.
Abstract: Biodegradable nanocomposites incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have gained significant traction due to their environmentally friendly nature. The use of functionalized CNFs enhances the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of nanocomposites. The ultimate properties and biodegradation rate of these nanocomposites are significantly inf...
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