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Research Article
Performance Evaluation of Dorso Irrigation Scheme at Abaya Distrcit, West Guji Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Obsa Welde Dilgasa*
,
Tesfaye Gragn Debele
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
35-51
Received:
27 May 2026
Accepted:
16 June 2026
Published:
8 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjast.20260403.11
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Abstract: Many irrigation schemes are performing poorly for a number of reasons, and should be improved to increase the efficiency and productivity of the schemes. This study attempted to determine the performance of Dorso irrigation scheme in Abaya District. For field data measurements, three farmers’ fields were selected at upper, middle, and lower scheme. The internal performance indicators, Agricultural Performance Indicators and physical performance indicators were used for data analysis. From internal indicators, the average conveyance efficiency of lined and unlined main canal were 91.11% and 78.04%, with a mean conveyance loss 0.0190 l/s and 0.0210 l/s. The application efficiency of the scheme were 48.64%, 42.05%, and 48.91% at head, middle, and tail reach, with average application efficiency of 45.53%. The storage efficiency (Es) of scheme at upper, middle and tail user of the scheme were 54.53%, 58.39%, and 41.72%, respectively, with average of 51.55%. This implied the scheme was performing inefficiently. The estimated water distribution uniformity of the scheme were 93.28%, 90.30%, and 97.31% at head, middle, and tail reach, with an average of 93.63%. The water deep percolation ratio computed in the selected fields at three were, 51.36%, 57.95%, and 51.09%, with the average of 53.47%. As internal performance indicators show, the overall efficiency of the Dorso irrigation scheme was 28.88%. The Agricultural Performance Indicators used and the total crop productivity of 889,095 kg was obtained from crop area of 61 ha and total gross income 331076.72 $. The performance indicator with respect to land and water productivity shows, the output per unit irrigated and command area were 7197.32 and 3310.77 US$/ha. The output per unit irrigated area is better than output per unit command area. The output per irrigation supply and water consumed during 2023/24 irrigation season were 1.91 and 1.51 US$/m3. The result of output per water consumed was out of the recommended range. The calculated relative water supply was 0.79. The total water supplied was insufficient for the water demand of crop. The computed relative irrigation supply was 0.31, the diverted irrigation supply was insufficient for irrigation demand. The irrigation ratio of the scheme was 0.61, means 61% of the command area was currently under irrigation and 39% was not during study period. The scheme’s sustainability value for irrigated area was 0.61, suggests irrigated area contraction and less sustainable than initially. So, adopting the best practices and awareness creation of irrigation scheme users are very important.
Abstract: Many irrigation schemes are performing poorly for a number of reasons, and should be improved to increase the efficiency and productivity of the schemes. This study attempted to determine the performance of Dorso irrigation scheme in Abaya District. For field data measurements, three farmers’ fields were selected at upper, middle, and lower scheme....
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Research Article
Soil Test Based Crop Response Phosphorus Calibration Study for Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production in Agarfa District Bale Highland, Oromia, Ethiopia
Girma Getachew*,
Mulugeta Eshetu,
Regassa Gosa,
Tesfaye Ketama
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
52-60
Received:
1 January 2026
Accepted:
23 January 2026
Published:
17 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjast.20260403.12
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Abstract: Ethiopia faces a wide set of soil fertility loss issues which are declining of soil fertility due to biological and environmental factors as well as blanket fertilizer application throughout the country without considering soil types and agro-ecological are among the factors that pronounced in low yielding of food crop production like bread wheat. To tackle this problem, site specific nutrients managements and soil test-based crop response fertilizer recommendations was conducted for three consecutive years during the main cropping seasons of (2015 – 2017 E.C). The objective of the experiment was to determine economically optimum Nitrogen, Phosphorus critical (Pc) and Phosphorus requirement factor (Prf) for bread wheat production in Agarfa district. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three levels of TSP (0, 100, and 200) kg ha-1 with five levels of nitrogen (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg ha-1) that gave a total of fifteen treatments. However, in the second two consecutive years, the experiment was conducted to determine phosphorus critical (Pc) and phosphorus requirement factor (Pf), and the treatments consisted of six levels of phosphorus (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) kg ha-1 combined with a single level of nitrogen (69 kg ha-1). Composite soil sample before plating and intensive soil samples after 21 days of sowing were taken from each plot and analyzed for selected physicochemical properties following standard laboratory procedures. Phosphorus critical level (Pc) determination was done using Cate-Nelson diagram method. Agronomic data such as above ground biomass and grain yield was collected then subjected to two-way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) using R software while the partial budget analysis was done using CIMMYT procedure. The results indicate that combined NP fertilizer rates significantly influenced the agronomic parameters of bread wheat. Optimum nitrogen rate (69 N kg/ha), P critical concentration (28.0 ppm) and P requirement factor (4.15) for bread wheat production were determined at Agarfa District. Therefore, uses of 69 N kg/ha fertilizer for bread wheat production at Agarfa District and areas having similar soil conditions and agro-ecology is advisable. Farther verification of the result on farm land could be a pre request before disseminating the technology to the user.
Abstract: Ethiopia faces a wide set of soil fertility loss issues which are declining of soil fertility due to biological and environmental factors as well as blanket fertilizer application throughout the country without considering soil types and agro-ecological are among the factors that pronounced in low yielding of food crop production like bread wheat. ...
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Research Article
Ethiopia Coffee Variety Development for Modern Coffee Production (Review)
Salasib Atumo*
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2026
Pages:
61-72
Received:
12 May 2026
Accepted:
29 May 2026
Published:
22 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjast.20260403.13
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Abstract: Coffee plays a significant role in the world economy next to oil. More than 80 countries produce coffee but only 60 developing country including Ethiopia depend on coffee as s major source of their foreign currency earnings. Ethiopia is African’s leading coffee producer and 5th major coffee producing country in the world. However, the production and productivity of coffee are low compared with the major coffee producing countries, this is due to inadequate extension service, limited improved coffee variety and traditional farming practices. Therefore, strategically development and applying coffee breeding principles are significant effects to improve the productivity, quality attribute and disease- pest resistance. However, the breeding methods and their principles are varied from country to country depending on the amount of genetic variability available, ecological conditions and prevailing problems. Even though, well organized documents and data on breeding methods, improved coffee varieties and adaptability of release coffee varieties information’s are limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main objective of this review paper is, systematically assesses coffee production system, total improved coffee varieties in Ethiopia through pure line and hybrid breeding methods and their agroecological suitability. The ultimate goal of arabica coffee breeding program in Ethiopia is, to develop new and high yielder, best quality, disease - pest resistance, and adaptable on different agroecology of coffee growing area of the country. Then, coffee berry disease resistance, low and midland targeted, hybrid, highland and landrace are 16, 5, 4, 4 and 12 in number respectively total 41 improved coffee varieties were released. The unique features of these released coffee varieties are high yielder, best quality, disease - pest resistance and adaptable. However, multiplication and distribution of the improved coffee variety to coffee growers are limited because of limited extension service, inadequate infrastructure and limited seed enterprise. In general, Ethiopia is not only the center and origin of coffee arabica but also indispensable coffee genetic reservoir. So, it’s better to develop strategic planning and integration with global breeding for sustainable coffee production, enhance productivity associated with quality, disease resistance and adaptability.
Abstract: Coffee plays a significant role in the world economy next to oil. More than 80 countries produce coffee but only 60 developing country including Ethiopia depend on coffee as s major source of their foreign currency earnings. Ethiopia is African’s leading coffee producer and 5th major coffee producing country in the world. However, the production an...
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