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Efficacy of Praziquantel Treatment for Schistosoma mansoni Infection Among Children in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Habtye Bisetegn,
Yonas Erkihun
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
61-69
Received:
24 October 2020
Accepted:
7 November 2020
Published:
16 November 2020
Abstract: Background: Schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease of poverty caused by blood dwelling trematodes of Schistosoma species. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the current drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosomiasis. The existence of Praziquantel resistance by Schistosoma species is a threat and an alarm for strict monitoring and periodic evaluation of its efficacy. Method: We searched PubMed, PubMed Center, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Google, Science Direct, MEDLINE and proceedings of a professional association to identify studies published in English and assessed the efficacy of Praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni infection in children. Studies reporting the efficacy of Praziquantel in both adult and children as study participants and studies which investigated the efficacy of Praziquantel combined with other antischistosomal drugs were excluded. Result: Since there was significant heterogeneity, the random effect model was used. A total of 9 papers involving 1,412 participants, that assessed the cure rate and 8 papers that assessed egg reduction rate of Praziquantel were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled cure rate of Praziquantel was 86.65% with 95% CI; 83.4-93.9. There was high heterogeneity (I2=93.4%). Subgroup analysis showed slightly higher Cure rate of Praziquantel in Amhara regional state compared to Oromia regional state (88.58% vs 84.79%). The egg reduction rate was 87.95% and 99.85% using geometric and arithmetic mean of egg count respectively. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni decreased from 55.77% to 11.29% after administration of Praziquantel. Conclusion: According to the result of this review, standard dose of Praziquantel was effective against Schistosoma mansoni infection among children in Ethiopia. The cure rate of Praziquantel was slightly higher in Amhara regional state compared to Oromia regional state. The drug showed a great reduction in egg count and intensity of infection.
Abstract: Background: Schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease of poverty caused by blood dwelling trematodes of Schistosoma species. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the current drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosomiasis. The existence of Praziquantel resistance by Schistosoma species is a threat and an alarm for strict monitoring and per...
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Barrier and Motivation to Exclusive Breast Feeding Amongst Mothers Accessing Care at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital
Christie Omolola Adams,
Godwin Ewu,
Victoria Ugwu,
Ibrahim Shakirat,
Esther Joseph
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
70-77
Received:
9 September 2020
Accepted:
21 September 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: This study was carried out to identify barriers and motivation for exclusive breastfeeding practice amongst mothers accessing care at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, ( UATH) — Abuja — Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional survey that utilized a structured questionnaire in the collation of quantitative data from 288 participants. The data and result showed that approximately 53.5% of the respondents reportedly do not have enough breast milk, 13.9% think that the breast milk will not be enough for their babies because of the size of their breast, 0.69% were the students with attendant challenges, 1.4% were career women, 1.7% said their difficulty was painful nipples, one person was afraid that the baby may refuse other feeds at a later age while one respondent said it was time-consuming. It is captivating to know that, the respondents’ motivation based on whether exclusive breastfeeding is beneficial to baby and mother shows that 99.6% claimed that exclusive breastfeeding is beneficial, and contribute to the good well-being of the baby, while 98.2% declared that exclusive breastfeeding is beneficial to the nursing mother as well. The study evaluated the barriers, and motivations of the mother to tell the benefits of breast milk are natural and renewable food. Therefore, ensuring active support through an efficient health education/promotion as primary prevention in public health/clinical practice and establishing/sustaining the practices that are appropriate among mothers. Generally, the study showed some barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and their associated motivations among mothers.
Abstract: This study was carried out to identify barriers and motivation for exclusive breastfeeding practice amongst mothers accessing care at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, ( UATH) — Abuja — Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional survey that utilized a structured questionnaire in the collation of quantitative data from 288 participants. The d...
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Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Assay for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Pollinosis in the District of Abidjan
Yomanfo Niangbo Serge Pacome,
Yapo-Crezoit Chiayé Claire Antoinette,
Kassi N’Dja Justin,
Koné Mamidou Witabouna,
Dosso Mireille
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
78-88
Received:
26 November 2020
Accepted:
19 December 2020
Published:
28 December 2020
Abstract: Allergology in Africa is booming. In addition to clinical studies, many studies in biology focus on molecular aspects. This work aims to list the species of the Ivorian flora incriminated in pollinosis and to indicate the pollens that may have molecular similarities with those from Europe. Biological tests using food and mixed allergens were used to search for IgE in 20 patients (14 men and 6 women). The people selected were those who had lived for more than a year close to the target plants and had given their consent for the study. A grid representing cross-allergies ''Food-Pollens'' was used to search for any possible reactions. The plant species of Côte d'Ivoire suspected to be the causes of allergies were Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae), Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) and Petersianthus macrocarpus (Lecythidaceae). The same patient may have one or more symptoms. Most of the patients showed ENT (80%), skin (40%), lung (35%), and eye (30%) symptoms. Allergic rhinitis was representative of ENT signs, but allergic asthma has reached 10% of people suffering from lung diseases. During the flowering of Petersianthus macrocarpus, 87% of the respondents present ENT and respiratory symptoms. Biological analyses revealed 70% of patients were sensitized to trophallergens and 60% to pneumallergens. The two patients with no clinical signs were the only negative patients in the biological tests. The most common cross-reactions were between the pollens of Secale cereal ''Rye'' and the fruits of Corylus avellana ''Hazelnut''. The study shows that, the European Panels are useful to start allergological investigations but insufficient to develop a precise diagnosis in Côte d'Ivoire. Therefore, a specific panel composed of Ivorian pollens is being established.
Abstract: Allergology in Africa is booming. In addition to clinical studies, many studies in biology focus on molecular aspects. This work aims to list the species of the Ivorian flora incriminated in pollinosis and to indicate the pollens that may have molecular similarities with those from Europe. Biological tests using food and mixed allergens were used t...
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Environmental Quality and Its Attendant Effect on Human Health: New Evidence from Panel Quantile Regression for Anglophone Countries in West Africa
Aduralere Opeyemi Oyelade,
Olamide David Tijani,
Mumini Oluwaseyi Wakile,
Adeyemi Lookman Kanimodo
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
89-95
Received:
27 December 2019
Accepted:
6 January 2020
Published:
28 December 2020
Abstract: An estimated seven million people per year die from emission-related diseases. These include stroke and heart disease, respiratory illness and cancers. Many health-harmful emission pollutants also damage the climate and reducing emission pollution would save lives and help slow the pace of near-term climate change. This study investigated the environmental quality and its attendant effect on human health from Anglophone countries in West Africa over the period of 1990 to 2013 using panel quantile regression. The result obtained showed that the CO2 emission that can affect the health of Anglophone countries in West Africa are CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services, CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from transport. Other control variables that have influence on human health were health expenditure, mortality rate and fertility rate. Therefore, the policy makers should implement policies (like energy conservation policies) that will control emission from gaseous fuel consumption, emissions from liquid fuel consumption, emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services, emissions from solid fuel consumption and emissions from transport. Also, health sector has to be properly cater for by spending more on health and this can only increase the health outcomes in a country.
Abstract: An estimated seven million people per year die from emission-related diseases. These include stroke and heart disease, respiratory illness and cancers. Many health-harmful emission pollutants also damage the climate and reducing emission pollution would save lives and help slow the pace of near-term climate change. This study investigated the envir...
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