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Research Article
The Inclusion of Physically Disabled ECD Learners in Mainstream Classes, a Glitch Aggravating Exclusion in Sengwe Cluster
Cosmas Muchandiona*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
63-72
Received:
9 January 2025
Accepted:
5 March 2025
Published:
21 March 2025
Abstract: Inclusive Education has recently become a pertinent issue as nations strive for sustainable education. Thence, this study delved on how the inclusion of physically disabled learners in Early Childhood Development (ECD) settings is aggravating exclusion in Sengwe Cluster. Glitches of how the inclusion of physically disabled learners in ECD settings affect vast stakeholders in ECD environments. Social Systems Theory by Niklas Luhmann formed the theoretical framework of this study. An ethnographic-qualitative research methodology merging a descriptive survey was adopted to critically analyse the problem in its natural settings. Five primary schools were sampled purposively to gain contextual knowledge on how the problem at hand was aggravating exclusion in ECD settings. Five physically disabled learners, ten ECD teachers and ten parents were sampled. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and observations were data collection instruments used. It emerged that, physically disabled ECD learners in inclusive schools were not equally benefitting from the education system as compared to their non-disabled peers. Limited parental involvement; unconducive education laws and policies, unstable school financial positions, negativism among other stakeholders and lack of multi-stakeholder collaboration were greatly affecting inclusive education in ECD environments. The study therefore recommends for effective parental involvement and multi-stakeholder collaboration, for the physically disabled ECD learners to equally benefit in inclusive schools like non-disabled peers.
Abstract: Inclusive Education has recently become a pertinent issue as nations strive for sustainable education. Thence, this study delved on how the inclusion of physically disabled learners in Early Childhood Development (ECD) settings is aggravating exclusion in Sengwe Cluster. Glitches of how the inclusion of physically disabled learners in ECD settings ...
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Research Article
Optimizing Questionnaire Reliability and Validity for a Study on Drumming Motivation
Shiat Lu Wong*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
73-81
Received:
14 March 2025
Accepted:
27 March 2025
Published:
31 March 2025
Abstract: This study optimized a questionnaire assessing motivation for participation in a 24-Festival Drums performance, ensuring strong structural validity and reliability. Initially, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.503, indicating that the data was unsuitable for factor analysis. Through systematic improvements, including the removal of low Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) items, refinement of question wording, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Varimax rotation, the KMO value improved to 0.821, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity remained significant (p < 0.001), confirming that factor analysis was appropriate. The initial factor analysis extracted three factors, but cross-loadings suggested an unclear structure. Further refinements, including deleting low-loading and reliability-impacting items, resulted in a final structure of two factors, named "Interest & Participation Motivation" and "Performance Recognition & Achievement." The total variance explained reached 78.759%, indicating strong explanatory power. Reliability analysis showed Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.949, confirming excellent internal consistency. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized a robust questionnaire with high reliability and validity, providing a solid foundation for future research on motivation in 24-Festival Drumming participation. Further studies can explore variations in drumming motivation across different groups and apply regression analysis or Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine relationships between factors in greater depth.
Abstract: This study optimized a questionnaire assessing motivation for participation in a 24-Festival Drums performance, ensuring strong structural validity and reliability. Initially, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.503, indicating that the data was unsuitable for factor analysis. Through systematic improvements, including the removal of low Measu...
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Research Article
Impact of Cross Cultural Training on Enhancing Customer Experience in Hotels of Amritsar
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
82-92
Received:
21 January 2025
Accepted:
19 March 2025
Published:
10 April 2025
Abstract: In the evolving hospitality landscape, cross-cultural competencies play a crucial role in shaping guest experiences. This study evaluates the impact of cross-cultural training on enhancing customer experience in star-category hotels in Amritsar, a prominent cultural and religious tourism destination in India. The research focuses on two key objectives: assessing the current level of cross-cultural training provided to hotel staff and analyzing its effect on guest satisfaction, communication, and service quality. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from 259 hotel staff across 17 hotels using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and multiple regression, were conducted to evaluate training effectiveness. The findings indicate that cross-cultural training significantly enhances staff preparedness, competency, and understanding of diverse cultural practices. The training covers essential cultural norms, incorporates practical role-playing scenarios, and is reinforced through frequent sessions and comprehensive learning resources. The multiple regression analysis demonstrated that cross-cultural training accounts for 32.5% of the variance in customer experience enhancement, highlighting its substantial influence. Key benefits observed include improved guest interactions, enhanced service quality, increased guest satisfaction, greater employee confidence, and heightened cultural sensitivity. However, the ability to resolve cultural misunderstandings showed comparatively lower improvement, indicating a need for more targeted interventions. The study underscores the critical role of structured cross-cultural training programs in fostering an inclusive and guest-centric hospitality environment. It recommends continuous investment in adaptive training modules, real-world simulations, and feedback-driven refinements. These findings provide valuable insights for hotel management, policymakers, and hospitality educators in designing effective training strategies to address cultural diversity. Strengthening cross-cultural competencies among hotel staff can enhance service excellence, position Amritsar’s hospitality sector more competitively on a global scale, and ensure an enriched guest experience.
Abstract: In the evolving hospitality landscape, cross-cultural competencies play a crucial role in shaping guest experiences. This study evaluates the impact of cross-cultural training on enhancing customer experience in star-category hotels in Amritsar, a prominent cultural and religious tourism destination in India. The research focuses on two key objecti...
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Research Article
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Law -- Taking Lawyers’ Skills as an Observation
Yang Yang*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
93-100
Received:
12 March 2025
Accepted:
24 March 2025
Published:
10 April 2025
Abstract: In the legal field, robot judges and lawyers often cause people's concerns, especially the breakthrough development of generative artificial intelligence, which has triggered a new round of anxiety about machines replacing people. Legal artificial intelligence systems represented by ChatGPT4.0 and Deepseek have attracted the attention of the legal community. As legal technology, they provide a specific practical picture. Legal artificial intelligence first breaks through the cognitive limitations of lawyers and realizes rational decision-making and knowledge innovation. They focus on complex legal reasoning activities, reduce costs, improve efficiency, break the traditional growth model of the master-apprentice relationship, and are conducive to the balanced distribution of legal service resources and the improvement of international participation. Unavoidable problems arise with it. Compared with the legal services provided by traditional lawyers, legal artificial intelligence lacks empathy and value judgment ability, the reliability of the data models and analyses generated by algorithms they provide is questionable. The differences and imbalances in the input of the original data will make it difficult to guarantee the authenticity and security of the information. Finally, the responsible subjects and supervision of legal artificial intelligence are still unclear. Taking the legal services provided by lawyers as the clue, using comparative analysis, empirical analysis, and case analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of traditional legal profession and artificial intelligence lawyer skills are compared. In the future, human-machine symbiosis and human-machine interaction will be common phenomena. Making full use of the ever-evolving technology to improve the accuracy of lawyers in their practice areas is a trend of integrating high technology and professional knowledge.
Abstract: In the legal field, robot judges and lawyers often cause people's concerns, especially the breakthrough development of generative artificial intelligence, which has triggered a new round of anxiety about machines replacing people. Legal artificial intelligence systems represented by ChatGPT4.0 and Deepseek have attracted the attention of the legal ...
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Research Article
Study on Cultural Identity and Tourism Transformation in Santichon Village
Dueanphen Ariyasapwatthana*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
101-111
Received:
30 March 2025
Accepted:
8 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijecs.20251002.15
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Abstract: This article examines the transformation of Santichon Village, a Yunnanese Chinese community in northern Thailand, from a socio-cultural and economic perspective. Originally established by migrants fleeing political unrest in China via Myanmar or Laos, Santichon was historically marginalized due to its association with statelessness and illicit economies, particularly opium cultivation. In recent decades, however, the village has transitioned into a prominent ethnic tourism destination. Against the backdrop of regional development initiatives and shifting tourism policies in northern Thailand, this study investigates how tourism serves as both a catalyst for economic restructuring and a force of cultural change. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and theories from anthropology and cultural studies, the article analyzes how residents engage in strategic cultural reconstruction to attract tourists while simultaneously reasserting ethnic identity. The research highlights the multifaceted role of tourism in transforming livelihoods, reconfiguring built environments, and reshaping symbolic practices such as language, ritual, and heritage. Santichon's tourism model—developed through cooperation among state agencies, local leaders, and external funders—demonstrates how minority communities negotiate between cultural preservation and market adaptation. While tourism has brought increased visibility, income, and infrastructural improvements, it has also introduced challenges related to cultural commodification and identity performance. This case contributes to broader debates on tourism and cultural change in Southeast Asia by showing how marginalized communities can actively reposition themselves within national and global frameworks. Ultimately, Santichon illustrates the dynamic and contested processes through which cultural heritage is not only preserved but also remade under the pressures of globalization.
Abstract: This article examines the transformation of Santichon Village, a Yunnanese Chinese community in northern Thailand, from a socio-cultural and economic perspective. Originally established by migrants fleeing political unrest in China via Myanmar or Laos, Santichon was historically marginalized due to its association with statelessness and illicit eco...
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Research Article
Ethical Tensions and Collaborative Governance in Inclusive Education: A Dynamic Equilibrium Model from China's Greater Bay Area
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
112-119
Received:
24 March 2025
Accepted:
16 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijecs.20251002.16
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Abstract: This study examines the ethical tensions in China’s inclusive education system, where policy-driven efforts to integrate students with special educational needs (SEN) into mainstream classrooms conflict with systemic challenges in balancing individual rights and collective interests. Despite national progress in SEN enrollment rates, regional disparities persist, Structural contradictions emerge from resource limitations. Ethical dilemmas between SEN students’ individualized support needs and the collective rights of typically developing peers. Grounded in Rawlsian justice theory, this research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis of stakeholder interviews at a Greater Bay Area school with a three-dimensional theoretical framework (capability fairness, empathy theory, group dynamics) to address three objectives: demand coordination, leadership transformation, and collaborative governance. Findings reveal systemic issues, including resource allocation conflicts, teacher role dissonance, home-school trust deficits, and innovative strategies such as a dynamic “resource bank” and peer mentorship systems. The study proposes a tripartite governance model integrating institutional flexibility, cultural restructuring, and technological empowerment to reconcile educational equity with quality. Key contributions include operationalizing Sen’s capability approach into a dual-cycle evaluation matrix and shifting equity metrics from resource access to functional outcomes. Limitations include regional economic biases and stakeholder perspective gaps. Policy recommendations emphasize phased reforms: class-size regulations, regional resource-sharing platforms, and teacher training overhauls. Future research should expand to urban-rural comparisons and longitudinal evaluations to validate the proposed model’s adaptability and ethical implications in diverse contexts.
Abstract: This study examines the ethical tensions in China’s inclusive education system, where policy-driven efforts to integrate students with special educational needs (SEN) into mainstream classrooms conflict with systemic challenges in balancing individual rights and collective interests. Despite national progress in SEN enrollment rates, regional dispa...
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Research Article
Teaching Reform of “Telecommunication Electronic Circuits” Based on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Human Wisdom
Jinmei Liu*,
Hua Yuan,
Xue Lin,
Nianqiang Li
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
120-125
Received:
25 March 2025
Accepted:
21 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijecs.20251002.17
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Abstract: As an important compulsory course for the students who major in telecommunications engineering, the Telecommunication Electronic Circuits (High-Frequency Electronic Circuits) course confronts two major challenges: high knowledge complexity and limited resources for practical engineering training. In order to overcome the challenges and promote teaching effects, we utilize the scheme of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology with human wisdom in teaching the Telecommunication Electronic Circuits course. The scheme combines the advantages of both AI technology and human wisdom. AI technology can take the responsibilities in records of learning process, analyses of learning data, knowledge delivery of adaptive content based on personalized recommendations, automatic assessment and feedback. Teachers can pay more attention to critical thinking cultivation, engineering experience transmission, values shaping and professional ethics cultivation. In pre-class phase, with AI technology, some preparatory short videos and related questions are pushed to learners for personalized learning. Then, teachers preview the response data of learners and the AI-generated feedback to adjust lesson focus accordingly. In the phase of in-class teaching, teachers explain core principles and those misunderstanding according to the response data generated in the pre-class phase. Circuit simulations are also shown and discussed. During the class, discussions on theoretical analyses, circuit simulation results and actual circuits’ performance are organized. In the process, teachers not only convey engineering thought and experience, but also cultivate innovation thinking and proper ethical values. In post-class phase, AI automatically grades homework of learners, offers real-time feedback, and creates individualized learning profiles. Then, teachers design research projects with different difficulties for learners’ further practical study based on the individualized learning profiles generated by AI. Such a personalized learning process is beneficial to foster the learning interests of each learner and conduct them to achieve more. Besides, AI can help teachers find those who might need assistance in learning, so that teachers can implement early interventions to mitigate academic failure risks. By adopting the scheme, we have improved the test pass rate of lower-performing learners by about 18% in 2024 compared to 2023. The paper then describes the challenges of the scheme and give some comments on the teachers’ role transformation, ethical boundaries, and hybrid assessment systems. The limitation of AI technology nowadays is also discussed.
Abstract: As an important compulsory course for the students who major in telecommunications engineering, the Telecommunication Electronic Circuits (High-Frequency Electronic Circuits) course confronts two major challenges: high knowledge complexity and limited resources for practical engineering training. In order to overcome the challenges and promote teac...
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Research Article
Interdisciplinary Integration in Design Education for the AI Era: A Case Study of Ceramic Product Design
Di Jinben,
Zhang Xiaojing,
Wu Haoting*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
126-131
Received:
26 March 2025
Accepted:
24 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijecs.20251002.18
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In the context of artificial intelligence (AI) reshaping the design field, this paper explores how design education can address the innovative demands of the intelligent era through interdisciplinary integration. Taking ceramic products as a representative case, this study focuses on the convergence of cutting-edge technologies such as materials science, computer-aided design, and machine learning to construct a new design education framework tailored to the AI era. Employing theoretical construction and case analysis, this research elucidates the "Intelligent Ceramic Design" framework, integrating generative design, data-driven modeling, and additive manufacturing technologies to systematically explore innovative pathways for ceramic products in functionality, aesthetic expression, and sustainability. Concurrently, it examines the feasibility and challenges of technological integration. The findings indicate that interdisciplinary integration significantly expands the innovative dimensions of ceramic design at technological, educational, and industrial levels. Design education in the AI era must transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries, systematically merging intelligent technologies with traditional craftsmanship to cultivate versatile design talents equipped with design thinking, engineering literacy, and humanistic sensitivity. The case study of ceramic products demonstrates that interdisciplinary integration is a core strategy for design education to adapt to future industrial transformations. Future research should further explore mechanisms for balancing intelligent technologies with cultural heritage, as well as the potential applications of emerging technologies in design.
Abstract: In the context of artificial intelligence (AI) reshaping the design field, this paper explores how design education can address the innovative demands of the intelligent era through interdisciplinary integration. Taking ceramic products as a representative case, this study focuses on the convergence of cutting-edge technologies such as materials sc...
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