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Research Article
The Inclusion of Physically Disabled ECD Learners in Mainstream Classes, a Glitch Aggravating Exclusion in Sengwe Cluster
Cosmas Muchandiona*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
63-72
Received:
9 January 2025
Accepted:
5 March 2025
Published:
21 March 2025
Abstract: Inclusive Education has recently become a pertinent issue as nations strive for sustainable education. Thence, this study delved on how the inclusion of physically disabled learners in Early Childhood Development (ECD) settings is aggravating exclusion in Sengwe Cluster. Glitches of how the inclusion of physically disabled learners in ECD settings affect vast stakeholders in ECD environments. Social Systems Theory by Niklas Luhmann formed the theoretical framework of this study. An ethnographic-qualitative research methodology merging a descriptive survey was adopted to critically analyse the problem in its natural settings. Five primary schools were sampled purposively to gain contextual knowledge on how the problem at hand was aggravating exclusion in ECD settings. Five physically disabled learners, ten ECD teachers and ten parents were sampled. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and observations were data collection instruments used. It emerged that, physically disabled ECD learners in inclusive schools were not equally benefitting from the education system as compared to their non-disabled peers. Limited parental involvement; unconducive education laws and policies, unstable school financial positions, negativism among other stakeholders and lack of multi-stakeholder collaboration were greatly affecting inclusive education in ECD environments. The study therefore recommends for effective parental involvement and multi-stakeholder collaboration, for the physically disabled ECD learners to equally benefit in inclusive schools like non-disabled peers.
Abstract: Inclusive Education has recently become a pertinent issue as nations strive for sustainable education. Thence, this study delved on how the inclusion of physically disabled learners in Early Childhood Development (ECD) settings is aggravating exclusion in Sengwe Cluster. Glitches of how the inclusion of physically disabled learners in ECD settings ...
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Research Article
Optimizing Questionnaire Reliability and Validity for a Study on Drumming Motivation
Shiat Lu Wong*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
73-81
Received:
14 March 2025
Accepted:
27 March 2025
Published:
31 March 2025
Abstract: This study optimized a questionnaire assessing motivation for participation in a 24-Festival Drums performance, ensuring strong structural validity and reliability. Initially, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.503, indicating that the data was unsuitable for factor analysis. Through systematic improvements, including the removal of low Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) items, refinement of question wording, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Varimax rotation, the KMO value improved to 0.821, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity remained significant (p < 0.001), confirming that factor analysis was appropriate. The initial factor analysis extracted three factors, but cross-loadings suggested an unclear structure. Further refinements, including deleting low-loading and reliability-impacting items, resulted in a final structure of two factors, named "Interest & Participation Motivation" and "Performance Recognition & Achievement." The total variance explained reached 78.759%, indicating strong explanatory power. Reliability analysis showed Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.949, confirming excellent internal consistency. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized a robust questionnaire with high reliability and validity, providing a solid foundation for future research on motivation in 24-Festival Drumming participation. Further studies can explore variations in drumming motivation across different groups and apply regression analysis or Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine relationships between factors in greater depth.
Abstract: This study optimized a questionnaire assessing motivation for participation in a 24-Festival Drums performance, ensuring strong structural validity and reliability. Initially, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.503, indicating that the data was unsuitable for factor analysis. Through systematic improvements, including the removal of low Measu...
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Research Article
Impact of Cross Cultural Training on Enhancing Customer Experience in Hotels of Amritsar
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
82-92
Received:
21 January 2025
Accepted:
19 March 2025
Published:
10 April 2025
Abstract: In the evolving hospitality landscape, cross-cultural competencies play a crucial role in shaping guest experiences. This study evaluates the impact of cross-cultural training on enhancing customer experience in star-category hotels in Amritsar, a prominent cultural and religious tourism destination in India. The research focuses on two key objectives: assessing the current level of cross-cultural training provided to hotel staff and analyzing its effect on guest satisfaction, communication, and service quality. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from 259 hotel staff across 17 hotels using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and multiple regression, were conducted to evaluate training effectiveness. The findings indicate that cross-cultural training significantly enhances staff preparedness, competency, and understanding of diverse cultural practices. The training covers essential cultural norms, incorporates practical role-playing scenarios, and is reinforced through frequent sessions and comprehensive learning resources. The multiple regression analysis demonstrated that cross-cultural training accounts for 32.5% of the variance in customer experience enhancement, highlighting its substantial influence. Key benefits observed include improved guest interactions, enhanced service quality, increased guest satisfaction, greater employee confidence, and heightened cultural sensitivity. However, the ability to resolve cultural misunderstandings showed comparatively lower improvement, indicating a need for more targeted interventions. The study underscores the critical role of structured cross-cultural training programs in fostering an inclusive and guest-centric hospitality environment. It recommends continuous investment in adaptive training modules, real-world simulations, and feedback-driven refinements. These findings provide valuable insights for hotel management, policymakers, and hospitality educators in designing effective training strategies to address cultural diversity. Strengthening cross-cultural competencies among hotel staff can enhance service excellence, position Amritsar’s hospitality sector more competitively on a global scale, and ensure an enriched guest experience.
Abstract: In the evolving hospitality landscape, cross-cultural competencies play a crucial role in shaping guest experiences. This study evaluates the impact of cross-cultural training on enhancing customer experience in star-category hotels in Amritsar, a prominent cultural and religious tourism destination in India. The research focuses on two key objecti...
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Research Article
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Law -- Taking Lawyers’ Skills as an Observation
Yang Yang*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
93-100
Received:
12 March 2025
Accepted:
24 March 2025
Published:
10 April 2025
Abstract: In the legal field, robot judges and lawyers often cause people's concerns, especially the breakthrough development of generative artificial intelligence, which has triggered a new round of anxiety about machines replacing people. Legal artificial intelligence systems represented by ChatGPT4.0 and Deepseek have attracted the attention of the legal community. As legal technology, they provide a specific practical picture. Legal artificial intelligence first breaks through the cognitive limitations of lawyers and realizes rational decision-making and knowledge innovation. They focus on complex legal reasoning activities, reduce costs, improve efficiency, break the traditional growth model of the master-apprentice relationship, and are conducive to the balanced distribution of legal service resources and the improvement of international participation. Unavoidable problems arise with it. Compared with the legal services provided by traditional lawyers, legal artificial intelligence lacks empathy and value judgment ability, the reliability of the data models and analyses generated by algorithms they provide is questionable. The differences and imbalances in the input of the original data will make it difficult to guarantee the authenticity and security of the information. Finally, the responsible subjects and supervision of legal artificial intelligence are still unclear. Taking the legal services provided by lawyers as the clue, using comparative analysis, empirical analysis, and case analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of traditional legal profession and artificial intelligence lawyer skills are compared. In the future, human-machine symbiosis and human-machine interaction will be common phenomena. Making full use of the ever-evolving technology to improve the accuracy of lawyers in their practice areas is a trend of integrating high technology and professional knowledge.
Abstract: In the legal field, robot judges and lawyers often cause people's concerns, especially the breakthrough development of generative artificial intelligence, which has triggered a new round of anxiety about machines replacing people. Legal artificial intelligence systems represented by ChatGPT4.0 and Deepseek have attracted the attention of the legal ...
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