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Assessment of Major Reproductive Disorders of Dairy Cattle in Urban and Per Urban Area of Hosanna, Southern Ethiopia
Adane Haile,
Yisehak Tsegaye,
Niguse Tesfaye
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
135-141
Received:
30 July 2014
Accepted:
14 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: The study which employed both questionnaire and observational survey was conducted in urban and per urban area of Hossana with the objectives of determining the prevalence of major reproductive health problems of dairy cattle and the possible risk factors in the selected dairy farms from November 2013 to April 2014. A total of 390 dairy cattle (349 cross and 41 local breed) which were kept under different management system (256 intensively, 60 semi intensively and 74 were extensive) were included, out of which 43.07 % (n=168) were found to be affected either with one or more of reproductive problems. Repeat breeder, anoestrus, Retained Fetal membrane (RFM), and dystocia were found to be the major reproductive health problems containing 13.08%, 12.06%, 7.18% and 5.9% prevalence rate respectively and other reproductive health problems observed with lower prevalence include vaginal prolapsed, abortion, mixed and uterine prolapsed having 3.44%, 2.56%, 1.03%, and 0.76% respectively in the study farms of the area. The overall prevalence of reproductive problems showed significant difference (p<0.05) with respect to body condition and parity of dairy cattle where major reproductive health problems were observed more frequently in poor body conditioned and pluriparus cows. Whereas breed and management system were not found to have a significant influence (p>0.05) on the occurrence of reproductive problems in the area. Therefore, it is recommended that awareness creation to farm owners, attendants and improved management such as, proper feeding, accurate heat detection, considering the size of sire and dam while using AI, and health management should be improved to minimize the occurrence of these problems and associated economic losses in the dairy farms of the area.
Abstract: The study which employed both questionnaire and observational survey was conducted in urban and per urban area of Hossana with the objectives of determining the prevalence of major reproductive health problems of dairy cattle and the possible risk factors in the selected dairy farms from November 2013 to April 2014. A total of 390 dairy cattle (349...
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Serologic and Virologic Investigation of BHV-1, BVDV and BHV-4 in Cattle with Metritis
Sibel Yavru,
Oguzhan Avci,
Mehmet Kale
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
142-145
Received:
13 August 2014
Accepted:
20 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of Bovine Herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), and Bovine Herpes virus-4 (BHV-4) involving metritis in the selected unvaccinated dairy cattle herds in Afyon province of Turkey by serologically and virologically methods. A total of 63 dairy cattle with metritis were sampled in order to investigate the presence of BHV-1, BVDV and BHV-4 infections. The sera samples were tested for presence of antibodies to BHV-1, BVDV and BHV-4 using a commercially available indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Leukocyte samples were tested for presence of BVDV viral genome using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for BHV-1 and BHV-4 viral genome. Detectable antibodies were detected in 6 (9.52%) of 63 against BVDV and 51 (80.95%) of 63 against BHV-4. Detectable antibodies were detected against BVDV from 6 (9.52%) of 63 sera samples and BHV-4 from 51 (80.95%) of 63. No antibodies against BHV-1 were detected as well as the results of RT-PCR for BVDV, and PCR for BHV-1 were all negative. Positive PCR results found BHV-4 genome from 8 (12.69%) of 63 leukocyte samples. Presence of BVDV and BHV-4 antibodies in unvaccinated animals indicates that these cattle had contracted infection. In conclusion, BHV-4 infections may play a direct or indirect role in causing bovine metritis; therefore their importance in the etiology of metritis and their economic impact needs further attention.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of Bovine Herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), and Bovine Herpes virus-4 (BHV-4) involving metritis in the selected unvaccinated dairy cattle herds in Afyon province of Turkey by serologically and virologically methods. A total of 63 dairy cattle with metri...
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Detection of Respiratory Viral Antigens in Cattle Lung Tissues by Direct ELISA
Oguzhan Avci,
Sibel Yavru,
Mehmet Ekik
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
146-149
Received:
13 August 2014
Accepted:
28 August 2014
Published:
10 September 2014
Abstract: Bovine Respiratory Disease is one of the most important diseases with serious financial losses for the cattle industry in worldwide. The aim of this study was to detect the associations between respiratory viruses; bovine herpes virus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and Para influenza virus 3 statuses of a herd and bovine respiratory disease occurrence. Present study describes virological distribution of bovine respiratory viruses in non-vaccinated cattle (for mentioned infections) of Central Anatolia, Turkey. A total of 24 lung tissue samples were collected during the December 2012 to January 2013 from cattle that died after manifesting clinical signs of respiratory system. Samples were successfully homogenized. Tissue samples were analyzed for detecting antigens by commercially available direct ELISA kit. BRSV antigens were detected in lung tissues 4 out of 24 tested cattle with a percentage of 16.6%, whereas BHV-1, BVDV and PI-3 were not found. BRSV may be common reason of respiratory diseases in herds. It has been also offered advice about prevention of respiratory viral infection for health planning. In conclusion, existence of BRSV infection is still defined and may play an important role in the respiratoric viral infection of cattle.
Abstract: Bovine Respiratory Disease is one of the most important diseases with serious financial losses for the cattle industry in worldwide. The aim of this study was to detect the associations between respiratory viruses; bovine herpes virus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and Para influenza virus 3 statuses of a herd a...
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Determination of in Vitro Antiviral Activity of Nerium Oleander Distillate against to Parainfluenza-3 Virus
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
150-153
Received:
27 August 2014
Accepted:
5 September 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: Chemical extract of Nerium oleander (NO) is identified as in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. However, there is no any study about antiviral effect of NO distillate (NOD). The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro effects of NOD alone and combined with acyclovir on Parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus. Lyophilized NOD was dissolved at concentration of 10 mg/mL with distillated water and filtered. The thiazolyl blue test was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the NOD, and acyclovir. NOD did not cause cytotoxicity against to MDBK cells up to 10 mg/mL concentrations while acyclovir did not cause cytotoxicity up to 0.97 µg/mL. NOD (10 mg/mL), acyclovir (0.97 µg/mL) and NOD + acyclovir were treated with 100 TCID50 diluted PI-3 in 96-well plates. Antiviral activity of NOD was statistically (P<0.05) different from NOD + acyclovir against PI-3. The most effective results obtained from using single of NOD (P<0.05) while acyclovir was not effective (P>0.05). In conclusion, it is referred that NOD has antiviral effect and it can be evaluated in the treatment of PI-3 in future.
Abstract: Chemical extract of Nerium oleander (NO) is identified as in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. However, there is no any study about antiviral effect of NO distillate (NOD). The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro effects of NOD alone and combined with acyclovir on Parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus. Lyophilized NOD was dissolved at co...
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Participatory Methods in the Profiling of Livestock Diseases in the Jos-Plateau, Nigeria
Musa Ibrahim Waziri,
Kaltungo Bilkisu Yunusa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
154-160
Received:
14 August 2014
Accepted:
28 August 2014
Published:
20 October 2014
Abstract: This study was conducted with a view to collecting epidemiological data based on farmers’ understanding of livestock diseases in the rural communities of Plateau State. In typical developing nations, animal diseases seem to pose the greatest challenge to human and animal health and welfare. Unfortunately, most of such nations rely so much on inefficient “top to bottom” disease surveillance and eradication policies, as such, negative impacts of diseases are common. Participatory disease surveillance recognizes farmer opinion for timely disease control. Using various tools of participatory epidemiology, the occurrence of important livestock diseases and indigenous traditional knowledge were investigated. In 2009/2010, livestock diseases profiles and ethno-veterinary practices were evaluated in 90 randomly selected villages in Jos-Plateau. Endemic livestock diseases continued to cause significant economic losses to farmers in the Plateau. Institutionalization of participatory disease surveillance would better inform strategic livestock policy reforms and improve national diseases surveillance and reporting system in Nigeria.
Abstract: This study was conducted with a view to collecting epidemiological data based on farmers’ understanding of livestock diseases in the rural communities of Plateau State. In typical developing nations, animal diseases seem to pose the greatest challenge to human and animal health and welfare. Unfortunately, most of such nations rely so much on ineffi...
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