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The Incidence of Acarapis woodi and Varroa destructor in Kurdistan Apiaries, Iran
Mohammad Khezri,
Mojtaba Moharami
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
97-101
Received:
11 March 2017
Accepted:
10 April 2017
Published:
3 November 2017
Abstract: Parasitic mites such as Acarapis woodi and Varroa destructor mite are examples of such threats that can cause a great deal of damage to honey bee populations. The present study was aimed to evaluate the infestation level and prevalence of apiaries and bees colonies with Acarapis woodi and Varroa destructor in Kurdistan province. A total of 100 apiaries were sampled from April to September 2014 and April to September 2015. Samplings were performed and samples were examined to detect the presence of Varroa destructor and Acarapis woodi. The prevalence of Acarapis woodi infestation in apiaries of this region 1% was calculated. In addition, Acarapis woodi infestation rate of hives was 0.26%. Among 100 apiaries, 61% (95% CI, 45.9-76.1) apiculture was infected by varroa mite and 39% not infected. The average value of Varroa destructor in adult bees colonies of Kurdistan apiaries was 7.5% (95% CI, 5.9-9.1). Regarding high rate of infestation and incidence of mites in the apiaries of Kurdistan province, it seems necessary to have a regular control program in order to decrease the rate of infestation in this region.
Abstract: Parasitic mites such as Acarapis woodi and Varroa destructor mite are examples of such threats that can cause a great deal of damage to honey bee populations. The present study was aimed to evaluate the infestation level and prevalence of apiaries and bees colonies with Acarapis woodi and Varroa destructor in Kurdistan province. A total of 100 apia...
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Epidemiology of Small Ruminant Fasciolosis in Arid Areas of Lower Awash River Basin, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Hailegebrael Bedada,
Fikru Gizaw,
Wossen Negash,
Angesom Hadush,
Ali Wassie,
Ashenafi Gebregergious
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
102-107
Received:
12 April 2017
Accepted:
22 May 2017
Published:
5 November 2017
Abstract: Across sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to February 2015 to determine the prevalence of Fasciolosis and associated risk factors of small ruminant in selected districts of Lower Awash River Basin. A total of 295 faecal samples were collected from (166 goat and 129 sheep), kept under pastoral and agro-pastoral area. Out of the total 295 faecal samples examined 32.5% (259) were found positive to Fasciola infection. The result revealed that significantly higher prevalence of Fasciola infection was observed in goats 37.9% (63) than sheep 25.6% (33). The risk of Fasciolosis in goats were 0.477 times higher than sheep (OR=0.477, p<.048). Animals with poor body condition had higher (44.5%) prevalence than animals with good body condition (13.3%). Significantly (OR=3.513, p<0.001) higher prevalence of disease was observed in animals managed under agro-pastoral production system than those kept in pastoral production. Like wise significant variation in prevalence was observed between the flocks contain both species of animal and contain only sheep or goat (OR=0.354, p<0.036). However, the prevalence of Fasciola infection was not significantly different between male and female animals. In the study area animal nutrition and social awareness on the importance of Fasciola infection is generally poor; low productivity in small ruminants is likely to be aggravated by a high prevalence of Fasciola. Hence, urgent and organized control strategies should be designed and implemented as milk of small ruminant is main source of food for pastoralists.
Abstract: Across sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to February 2015 to determine the prevalence of Fasciolosis and associated risk factors of small ruminant in selected districts of Lower Awash River Basin. A total of 295 faecal samples were collected from (166 goat and 129 sheep), kept under pastoral and agro-pastoral area. Out of the total 2...
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Toxin Genotyping of C. perfringens Isolated from Broiler Cases of Necrotic Enteritis
Ghada Abdelaal Ibrahim,
Basma Shalaby Mahmoud,
Ahmed Mohammed Ammar,
Fatma Mohammed Youssef
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
108-120
Received:
27 August 2017
Accepted:
20 September 2017
Published:
11 November 2017
Abstract: Clostridium perfringens organisms have an economic concern in poultry production. The purpose of this study was to investigate Net B and β2 C. perfringens positive isolates in broiler farms and their clinic-pathological effects in broiler chicks. A bacteriological examination of C. perfringens was carried upon 92 Necrotic enteritis (NE) diseased cases and 55 apparently healthy broilers of different ages in Egypt. C. perfringens type A was only recovered (49.7%). cpa gene was detected in 100% of samples with PCR technique. NE diseased cases exhibited both Net B (87.5%) and cpb2 (75%) toxin genes. Experimentally, an intra-gut induction of Net B and β2 C. perfringens toxins were evaluated in chicken models. The hematological studies revealed hemolytic anemia 5 days post infection (p.i) in Net B and β2 inoculated groups (G1&G2). Leucogram revealed neutrophilia and lymphopenia 5 days p.i. A significant increase in ALT, AST, uric acid and creatinine serum levels were recorded in the infected groups at 5th and 12th day p.i. DNA Sequencing for net B gene revealed an amino acid replacement from glutamate into arginine at codon 379 with silent mutation was also detected at nucleotide 1134. Sequencing of both toxin genes were recorded in the gene bank for the first time in Egypt. This study pointed out that C. perfringens Net B toxin, is a new key virulent factor for the development of NE. Further studies of Net B toxiod for vaccine production could minimize the clostridial problems in broiler farms.
Abstract: Clostridium perfringens organisms have an economic concern in poultry production. The purpose of this study was to investigate Net B and β2 C. perfringens positive isolates in broiler farms and their clinic-pathological effects in broiler chicks. A bacteriological examination of C. perfringens was carried upon 92 Necrotic enteritis (NE) diseased ca...
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The Effects of Early Feed Restriction on Growth Performance, Internal Organs and Blood Biochemical Indicators of Broilers
Chenxi Xu,
Haiming Yang,
Zhiyue Wang,
Yan Wan,
Banghong Hou,
Chuan Ling
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
121-125
Received:
30 September 2017
Accepted:
23 October 2017
Published:
8 December 2017
Abstract: The growth rate of broiler chickens has increased greatly due to enhancement in genetics, nutrition and management. However, the high growth rate of broilers has caused many health problems, To avoid those problems, feed restriction was used as a management strategy to prevent excessive growth during early period. This study accessed the effects of early feed restricted on growth performance, internal organs and blood biochemical indicators of broilers. A total of 180 male Arbor Acres broilers were obtained and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. The treatments included control group (basal diet and feed restricted group (dietary energy and protein levels were diluted by 10%). At 14 d, two birds of each replicate were randomly chosen, wing vein blood samples were taken for blood biochemical indicators determination, then slaughtered to measure internal organs. The result showed that birds fed diluted feed had lower (P<0.05) body weight at 14 days. There was no significant difference in body weight between restricted and control groups at 42 days. No changes were observed in feed intake and feed conversion ratio between groups. Feed restriction also had no significant effects on internal organs, intestine and serum biochemical indicators. Taken together, this study suggested that dietary protein and energy diluted by 10% from 8 to 14 d is a suitable feeding program.
Abstract: The growth rate of broiler chickens has increased greatly due to enhancement in genetics, nutrition and management. However, the high growth rate of broilers has caused many health problems, To avoid those problems, feed restriction was used as a management strategy to prevent excessive growth during early period. This study accessed the effects of...
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Retrospective Study of Porcine Circovirus Type 2a and 2b Between 1999 and 2016 in Taiwan
Shu-Hwae Lee,
Jen-Chieh Chang,
Chun Wang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
126-130
Received:
11 October 2017
Accepted:
30 October 2017
Published:
15 December 2017
Abstract: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the major swine viral diseases and caused significant economic loss to pig producers worldwide, including Taiwan. PCV2 has been considered as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) as well as other clinical diseases. All these associated syndromes have been categorized as PCV2 associated diseases (PCVAD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the positive rate and genetic shift of two distinct genotypes of PCV2, which include PCV2a and PCV2b, in Taiwanese pig farms. A total of 1094 specimens originating from pigs between years 1999 and 2016 were analysed. The PCV2a and PCV2b sequences were amplified and distinguished using 1oop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Results showed that 24.8% (272/1094) pigs were PCV2a positive, 67.3% (737/1094) were PCV2b positive. These results also indicated that PCV2a was the predominant virus between 1999 and 2001, and that PCV2b became the most prevalent virus since 2003.
Abstract: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the major swine viral diseases and caused significant economic loss to pig producers worldwide, including Taiwan. PCV2 has been considered as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) as well as other clinical diseases. All these associated syndromes have been categorized as ...
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