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Research Article
Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid (GAA) Supplementation on Zootechnical Performance and Biochemical Parameters of Broiler Chickens in Dakar Region, Senegal
Simplice Bosco Ayssiwede*,
Miguiri Kalandi,
Sodjinin Atchiwassa,
Kouakou Dua Kouadio,
Basse Kabore,
Cheikh Alioune Konate,
Amadou Guisse
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
1-10
Received:
20 December 2023
Accepted:
29 December 2023
Published:
11 January 2024
Abstract: Creatine, a natural component synthesized in liver and kidneys from guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), is mainly used in muscle tissue, due to its major role in energy metabolism. Approximately 50% of the daily requirement should be provided by the diet, yet this creatine is not stable as a feed additive under current tropical feed manufacturing conditions. This study was therefore undertaken from April to June 2021 in Dakar region, to assess the effects of GAA supplementation on growth performance and biochemical parameters of broilers in Senegal. It involved 550 unsexed day-old broiler chicks of Cobb500 strain with an average live weight (ALW) of 44.8 g. They were randomly divided into 2 batches of 275 birds each, subdivided into 5 replicates of 55 birds, corresponding respectively to two iso-nutritional dietary treatments, T-GAA0 (control diet) and S-GAA0.06 (control supplemented at 0.06% GAA). Raised according to recommended densities during the different rearing phases, the birds were ad libitum watered with tap drinking water and fed with these two diets presented in crumb (at start-up) and in pellet forms (during growth-finishing). Data collected or calculated, i.e. ALW, average daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (DFI) and water consumption (DWC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate (MR), carcass weight (CW), dressing carcass (DC), organ weights, blood total protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) levels per dietary treatment, were subjected to Student's t analysis using SPSS software at the 5% threshold to compare means. Results showed that supplementing diet with GAA (at 0.06%) had no adverse effect on broilers’ health and their growth performance. It significantly (p<0.05) increased ALW (1923 vs.1796 g), ADG (45 vs. 42 g/day), DFI (93 vs. 91 g/bird/day), DWC (286 vs. 275 mL/bird/day), CW (1623 vs. 1526 g) and heart and gizzard weights, while reduced FCR (2.13 vs. 2.46), DC (84.4 vs. 85%) and liver weight (56 vs. 61 g) in birds compared to controls. It was also accompanied by a significant increase in blood albumin (17.5 vs. 16.9 g/L), creatinine (114.3 vs. 112.9 µmol/L), uric acid (0.86 vs. 0.78 mmol/L) and ALAT (34.3 vs. 27.5 UI/L) levels in birds concerned compared with controls, whereas total protein and ASAT levels were similar (p˃0.05). Indeed, all biochemical parameters levels studied were in line with the corresponding reference values in broilers both for controls and supplemented birds, with the exception of uric acid content in blood which were higher.
Abstract: Creatine, a natural component synthesized in liver and kidneys from guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), is mainly used in muscle tissue, due to its major role in energy metabolism. Approximately 50% of the daily requirement should be provided by the diet, yet this creatine is not stable as a feed additive under current tropical feed manufacturing condition...
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Review Article
Honey Physiochemical Properties and Factors Associated with Honey Quality in Ethiopia: A Review
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
11-18
Received:
13 December 2023
Accepted:
2 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Honey is a naturally sweet material made by honey bees from plant nectar or secretions. The bees gather the nectar or secretions, change it by mixing it with other components, deposit, dehydrate, store, and then leave it in the honey comb to ripen and mature. Honey contains 80–85% carbohydrates, 15–17% water, 0.3% proteins, 0.2% ashes, small amounts of amino acids, vitamins, and other components in low concentrations. However, this component fluctuates depending on the impurities that affect the honey's quality. Thus, the current review aimed to provide information on physiochemical properties of honey and the factors that affect honey physiochemical properties. Obtaining premium honey and other bee products is the ultimate aim of beekeeping. However, factors like a lack of improved bee hive technology, chemical application, honey bee disease, predators, pests, honey harvesting and processing methods, honey adulteration, toxic plants, and intensifying farming practices are the main ones that negatively affect the quality and composition/physiochemical properties of honey. In addition to these difficulties, the physiochemical characteristics of honey deviate from those established by the Condex Alimentariuse Commissions, Ethiopian Apiculture Board, and European Union. The government and non-governmental organizations should therefore provide training on the challenges of honey production related to honey's physiochemical properties to all beekeepers and other stakeholders who participate in the beekeeping sector directly or indirectly in order to mitigate the problem of honey quality reduction.
Abstract: Honey is a naturally sweet material made by honey bees from plant nectar or secretions. The bees gather the nectar or secretions, change it by mixing it with other components, deposit, dehydrate, store, and then leave it in the honey comb to ripen and mature. Honey contains 80–85% carbohydrates, 15–17% water, 0.3% proteins, 0.2% ashes, small amount...
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Research Article
Effect of Diets Containing Dried Cashew Apple Pulp (Anarcadium occidentale) on Local Pigs Health Status via Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in South’s Senegal
Sodjinin Atchiwassa*,
Simplice Bosco Ayssiwede,
Mireille Cathérine Kadja,
Miguiri Kalandi,
Walter Ossebi,
Gael Sabin Michihoun,
Judith Tchawlassou,
Ayao Missohou
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
19-30
Received:
22 December 2023
Accepted:
2 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Despite its recognized zootechnical advantages in improving food security and reducing poverty worldwide, the pig remains neglected, and unlike other animal species, its breeding is little studied in Senegal. Mainly raised extensively in rural areas of Casamance, pig farming still faces a major feeding problem, hence the need to make the most of inexpensive, locally available feed resources that are often overlooked by stakeholders, while ensuring their harmlessness for the health of the animals. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating dried cashew apple pulp (CAP) into the diets on the health status of local pigs, via biochemical and hematological parameters. Conducted during 112 days in the Sédhiou region, the trial involved 84 local piglets weighing 11 kg body live weight and aged 3 to 5 months. These piglets were evenly distributed according to live weight and sex into 4 batches of 21 subjects each, subdivided into 3 replicates of 7 subjects, corresponding to the 4 dietary treatments for fattening pigs, CAP0 (control feed), CAP10, CAP15 and CAP20 containing 0, 10, 15 and 20% CAP respectively. The pigs were reared in a station, identified, dewormed and fed ad libitum with the mealy diets (CAP0, CAP10, CAP15 and CAP20) produced, and watered with drinking water. On the eve of start-up (day-1), on days 60 and 112 of the trial, two blood samples (in dry and EDTA tubes respectively) were taken from each of the pigs batched according to the dietary feed, and subjected to biochemical and hematological analysis respectively. The biochemical and hematological data obtained or calculated in the Excel by treatment were subjected to a one-factor ANOVA test at the 5% threshold with SPSS-v.23 software, supplemented by the DUNCAN post-hoc test to locate variations between means, when the former showed a significant difference between treatments. The Student's t-test of the same software was also used to compare the averages of biochemical and hematological parameters obtained in all pigs of the different batches before the start of the trial with those obtained in subjects fed each of the CAP-based diets during the experiment. The results show that the incorporation of CAP into the diet of growing-finishing pigs had no adverse effect on biochemical and hematological parameters. It was concluded that CAP can be incorporated up to 20% in the diet of fattening pigs without affecting their health status.
Abstract: Despite its recognized zootechnical advantages in improving food security and reducing poverty worldwide, the pig remains neglected, and unlike other animal species, its breeding is little studied in Senegal. Mainly raised extensively in rural areas of Casamance, pig farming still faces a major feeding problem, hence the need to make the most of in...
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Research Article
Management, Utilization and Chemical Analysis of the Available Crop Residue Feed Sources in the Case of South Tigray, Ethiopia
Chala Edea,
Shambel Taye*,
Atsbaha Hailemariam,
Angesom Taye,
Efrem Asallefew,
Haftom Miglas
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
31-36
Received:
12 December 2023
Accepted:
3 January 2024
Published:
23 January 2024
Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the available crop residue feed sources, and its’ management, utilization and chemical analysis in southern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. A survey of 109 representative sample households (hh) was carried out properly. Structured questionnaires, field observations, and group discussions were used to gather data from sampled households. Moreover, chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of crop residue was determined. The majority of the respondents indicated that there is no enough crop residue availability in the area which indicates scarcity of enough crop residue mainly associated with drought. The types of crop residue available in the study location were: maize stock, teff straw, sorghum straw, barley straw, wheat straw, pea straw, bean and lentil straw. But the major were; sorghum straw, maize stock and teff straw in terms of production. Majority of the farmer were ranked teff straw as most preferable feed resource followed by barely and sorghum for their cattle feeding. This is associated with smoothness, palatability, best for milk and suitability. The crop residue treatment practices mentioned were chopping/soaking (27%), chopping/threshing (16%) and urea treatment (7.34%) while the rest 40.37% do not practice crop residue treatment mainly because of lack of awareness. Majority of the respondents store the crop residue and the ways of storage were stacked outside (54.13%), stacked under shade (16.51%), and baled under shade (29.36%). Salt, local beverage, by product (Atela) and fodder were the mentioned supplements feed resources. Salt was reported as sole supplemental feed resource by majority of respondents (55.05%). The major constraints of crop residue mentioned were termite and mould, hence proper storage is crucial to avoid feed loss. Teff and wheat straw crop residue crude protein content were ranged from 7.90 to 4.79%, respectively. The highest invitro dry matter digestibility was noted in maize straw while the lowest was in sorghum. Moreover, awareness should be given to farmers on means of storage, treatment and processing of crop residues to improve shelf life and nutritive values of the crop residues.
Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the available crop residue feed sources, and its’ management, utilization and chemical analysis in southern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. A survey of 109 representative sample households (hh) was carried out properly. Structured questionnaires, field observations, and group discussions were used to gather data from sampl...
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Research Article
Insight of Molecular Prevalence on Antibiotic Sensitive H. pylori Biotypes from Apparently Healthy and Clinical Illness Felines and Sheep
Mohamed El Sayed Enany,
Hanaa Mohamed Fadel,
Usama Hassan Abo-Shama Abdelsadek,
Mona Muhammad Mahmoud Ahmed*,
Mohamed Ezat Abdel Gaied Kholief
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
37-47
Received:
18 January 2024
Accepted:
29 January 2024
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is gram-negative bacteria may transmit through human food chain causing serious health problems in humans worldwide upon misusing antibiotic therapy for animals. Aim of the study represent the incidence of variants biotypes H. pylori susceptible to antibiotic in apparently healthy or clinical illness felines and sheep through amplification of 16srRNA. Four stomachs of 3 apparently healthy and diarrheal feline and two stool of constipated and pan-leukopenia felines, in addition to five gastric sheep from 2 normal and 3 congested plus one milk, selected from 52 felines and 83 sheep, respectively based on traditional cultivation and biochemical differentiation in total twelve H. pylori isolates that confirmed by amplification of 16srRNA, not being recognized by v3-v4 primer as nitrate gram negative bacteria. H. pylori isolates were grouped upon urease and nitrate reduction reaction in total percent 50% for each of weak and strong urease biotypes, including 33.3% & 66.6% for (+ve) or (-ve) nitrate reductive biotypes, respectively. Sensitivity of these biotypes was determined against fourteen antibiotic discs by antimicrobial susceptibility test to find highest sensitivity non-producing nitrate biotypes from felines is (87.5%), lesser than sheep (100%) but almost positive nitrate reductive isolates is less susceptible in percent 25%. Moderate sensitivity of weak urease biotypes represents 50% against amikacin, opposite to strong urease isolates (33.3%). Highest sensitivity strong urease biotypes show 83.3% against clarithromycin and levofloxacin, compared to weak urease biotypes 50 & 66.6%, respectively. Bio-typing H. pylori is preferable for programming eradication in molecular surveying normal or clinical illness animals.
Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is gram-negative bacteria may transmit through human food chain causing serious health problems in humans worldwide upon misusing antibiotic therapy for animals. Aim of the study represent the incidence of variants biotypes H. pylori susceptible to antibiotic in apparently healthy or clinical illness felines and sheep through am...
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