-
Species of Coagulase- Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Anterior Nare and Milk of Ruminant Animals and Contacts Persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Mai-Siyama Bukar Ibrahim,
Okon Kenneth Okwong,
Adamu Nuhu Bala,
Mohammed Abdulrahman,
Hamidu Ibrahim,
Hambali Idris Umar,
Jajere Saleh Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
128-131
Received:
11 May 2015
Accepted:
22 May 2015
Published:
21 July 2015
Abstract: Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) are primary cause of mastitis in ruminant animal, and can either be transmitted by contagious or by environmental means. Therefore, we speculate whether there are similarity in the species distribution of CNS colonsing the anterior nare and milk of ruminant animals that can serve as source of infection. The study examined the species of CNS from the anterior nare of ruminant animals and contact persons. A total of 75 CNS isolates were analysed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), mecA gene detection by PCR assay and antibiotic susceptibility testing according to CSLI guidelines. Overall, four CNS spp were identified, S.sciuri predominate 71 (96%) and were recovered from all samples analysed, while one specie each (1.3%) of S.lentus, S.condementii and S.xylosus (1.3%) respectively. No mecA gene was detected in the CNS spp identified. The CNS spp demonstrated low to moderate resistance pattern (15-30%) to all antibiotics tested. In conclusion, the study provided a baseline epidemiological information on CNS spp colonizing the ruminants ruminant animal and contact persons. In addition, non-detection of mecA gene and high sensitivity pattern demonstrated by the CNS species.
Abstract: Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) are primary cause of mastitis in ruminant animal, and can either be transmitted by contagious or by environmental means. Therefore, we speculate whether there are similarity in the species distribution of CNS colonsing the anterior nare and milk of ruminant animals that can serve as source of infection. The st...
Show More
-
Prevalence of Wax Moth in Modern Hive with Colonies in Kafta Humera
Etsay Kebede,
Yisehak Tsegaye Redda,
Yohannes Hagos,
Nesibu Awol Ababelgu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
132-135
Received:
9 February 2015
Accepted:
18 June 2015
Published:
13 August 2015
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out from April 28 to May 30, 2009 in four village of Kafta Humera to determine the prevalence of wax moth in modern hive with colonies. A total of 307 modern bee hives with colonies were inspected during the study period. Physical inspection and observation were the methods of the study used. According to the study the overall prevalence of wax moth in modern bee hive was found to be 27.4%. During the study period larval stage of wax-moth was only detected. The nature of severity was differentiated and categorized in to three groups as 35(11.4%), 47(15.3%) and 2(0.65%) as light, moderate and severely affected respectively. Infestation rate of wax moth based on supering was found to have statistically significant difference as determined as 8(16%), 65(27.7%) and 11(47.7%) in base only, base plus one box and base plus two boxes. To combat the problem, awareness creation should be done on proper management of bee keeping in the area
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out from April 28 to May 30, 2009 in four village of Kafta Humera to determine the prevalence of wax moth in modern hive with colonies. A total of 307 modern bee hives with colonies were inspected during the study period. Physical inspection and observation were the methods of the study used. According to the ...
Show More
-
Retrospective Study of Reproductive Diseases of Small Ruminants in Northern Barind Tract in Bangladesh
Md. Hemayatul Islam,
Md. Jalal Uddin Sarder,
Md. Siddiqur Rahman,
Md. Ariful Haque,
Md. Akhtarul Islam,
Syed Sarwar Jahan,
Rashida Khaton
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
136-140
Received:
14 April 2015
Accepted:
13 May 2015
Published:
29 August 2015
Abstract: Context: The information of diseases prevalence give useful information on disease pattern and thus can be used in preventing diseases as well as formulating policies for future management to prevent diseases. Aim: This study is therefore aimed at determining the pattern of reproductive diseases encountered at the Barind tract in Bangladesh. Materials and Method: The primary data were collected by randomly selected location in each district of retrospective survey from the veterinary and vaccination camp of the study area. Records of 2667 clinical cases of small ruminants (2394 goats, 273 sheep) questionnaires report under this study, from July 2012 to June 2013 were analyzed to assess the importance of existing diseases. The computer program SPSS were analyzed the study and Chi-square and F test were used for significance test. Results: The small ruminants were significantly suffering from various diseases and disorders. The maximum 816 (30.6%) was affected by infectious diseases and lowest 18 (0.7%) was affected with poisonous diseases in small ruminants. The others diseases highest to lowest rate were 444 (16.6%), 354(13.3%), 345 (12.9%), 231 (8.7%), 162 (6.1%),102 (3.8%), 84 (3.1%),72 (2.7%) and 39 (1.5%) affected with gastrointestinal, respiratory, surgical, female reproductive disorder, deficiency syndrome, Integumentary involvement, diseases of sense organ, musculoskeletal system and disease of male sex organ respectively in small . The highest disease prevalence (89.8%) was observed in goat than in sheep (10.2%) and the total reproductive disease prevalence was 10.2%. The highest & lowest incidence rates of reproductive disorders in relation to sex were 32.5% & 1.9% in anoestrus and postitis. Similarly, the age had significant effect (P<0.05) and highest value were 20.4%, 7.9% & 4.5% observed in anoestrus of young, adult and old ages respectively. The season had significant effect and the overall disease prevalence was higher rainy season 40.4%, but the individual highest value observed in anoestrus 14.7% in winter season. Conclusion: The one tenth portion of disease prevalence got in reproductive related case, but most frequent reproductive diseases and disorder were in found in goat, female animal, young age, rainy season and particularly in anoestrus condition of small ruminants at northern Barind tract in Bangladesh.
Abstract: Context: The information of diseases prevalence give useful information on disease pattern and thus can be used in preventing diseases as well as formulating policies for future management to prevent diseases. Aim: This study is therefore aimed at determining the pattern of reproductive diseases encountered at the Barind tract in Bangladesh. Materi...
Show More
-
Histopathological Study of the Rat Liver Exposed with Lead Acetate as a Microscopic Survey
Khatere Khosravian Dehkordi,
Soraya khosravian Dehkordi,
Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
141-143
Received:
26 June 2015
Accepted:
10 August 2015
Published:
6 September 2015
Abstract: Lead is one of the environmental pollutants that can effect on the life of living animates in several ways; it has a long half-life and is collected in the soft tissue and conduct to adverse effects in tissues. The present study was performed to investigate the histological effects caused by lead in the rat liver. The study was conducted on 20 rat, the animals were divided into 2 equal groups. The first group received distilled water and considered as a control group. The second groups were orally administered lead acetate 8.5 mg/l of body weight for 20 weeks. The rats were anesthetized, the liver were removed for histological studies. Histological changes which observed in the liver were vacuolation, fatty degeneration, congestion within central veins, hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In this study, harmful toxic effects observed in liver of rats.
Abstract: Lead is one of the environmental pollutants that can effect on the life of living animates in several ways; it has a long half-life and is collected in the soft tissue and conduct to adverse effects in tissues. The present study was performed to investigate the histological effects caused by lead in the rat liver. The study was conducted on 20 rat,...
Show More
-
Optimum Dietary Crude Protein Level for Fattening Yearling Arsi-Bale Lambs
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
144-148
Received:
1 August 2015
Accepted:
8 August 2015
Published:
14 September 2015
Abstract: This study was aimed to determine the optimum dietary crude protein for fattening yearling Arsi-Bale sheep. Thirty-two intact male lambs (live weight=17.53±1.57 kg) were randomly assigned to five iso-caloric (2.12 Mcal/kg DM) dietary treatments (T), varying in crude protein: 9.4% CP (T1), 10.2% CP (T2), 11% CP (T3), 12% CP (T4) and 13.1% CP (T5). Intake and growth trial lasted for 87 days, followed by digestibility trial and carcass analysis. Treatments did not differ (P>0.05) in DM intake, ranging from 918.29 (T1) to 928.09 g DM/day (T3). Crude protein intake increased (P<0.001) with increase in dietary CP (T1, 86.71 g/day; 120g/day - T5). Intake of fiber fractions was highest (P<0.001) with 12% CP diet. Treatments varied in apparent digestibility of DM (P<0.05), CP (P<0.05), NDF (P<0.001) and ADF (P<0.001). Average final live weight, total gain and daily gain of lambs were increased non-significantly (P>0.05) from 22.71 to 23.96 kg; 5.37 to 6.35kg; 61.78-73.00 g/day, respectively. Feed conversion ratios were higher (P<0.001) in lambs fed 12%CP diet (12.61) and 13% CP diet (12.76). Urinary nitrogen and total nitrogen excretion were highest for 13% CP diet (5.02 and 9.19 g/day; P<0.001). Nitrogen balance was peaked (12.70 g/day, P<0.001) with 12% CP diet. There was no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments in slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, DP, fat and bone proportions. However, hot carcass weight increased from 8.8 to 9.8kg and DP from 39.4 to 42.15, with feed CP increase to 12%. The results of this study indicated that optimum dietary CP for improved growth and feed utilization of yearling Arsi-Bale lambs, growing from 17 to 25 kg is 12% at the specified dietary energy. Suggested, detail study, applying "comparative slaughter technique" is warranted to support the present findings.
Abstract: This study was aimed to determine the optimum dietary crude protein for fattening yearling Arsi-Bale sheep. Thirty-two intact male lambs (live weight=17.53±1.57 kg) were randomly assigned to five iso-caloric (2.12 Mcal/kg DM) dietary treatments (T), varying in crude protein: 9.4% CP (T1), 10.2% CP (T2), 11% CP (T3), 12% CP (T4) and 13.1% CP (T5). I...
Show More
