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Detection of Toxoplasma gondii from Native Cattle in Southwest of Iran
Asghar Arshi,
Esmaeil Mahmoudi,
Mohammad-Saeid Jami,
Abbas Doosti
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
102-105
Received:
3 February 2015
Accepted:
11 February 2015
Published:
12 June 2015
Abstract: Infections by protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are prevalent worldwide in animals and human. T. gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections to humans and domestic animals. If first be during pregnancy, T. gondii may be transferred vertically by tachyzoites that are passed to the embryo via the placenta. T. gondii may be transmitted horizontally in three phases of the life cycle, ingesting infectious oocysts from the environment or tissue cysts or tachyzoites which are contained in gastrointestinal of many different animals. Transmission may also occur via tachyzoites contained in blood products, texture transplants or non-pasteurized milk. Like rest of the world toxoplasmosis is prevalent in Iran. The present study aimed to determine T. gondii isolates from native cattle in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province located in south west of Iran by molecular methods. In this study, 155 blood samples were collected from native cattle. Genomic DNA was extracted using DNA extraction Kit (Cinna Gen, Iran) according to the manufacturer protocol and PCR was performed using specific primers (ITS-F and ITS-R). Sixteen (6.95%) cattle were positive to T. gondii infection. The positive control samples showed the excepted amplification product specific for T. gondii (171 bp). Although the present results showed relatively low prevalence of T.gondii infection in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari native cattle, control and eradication programs seem to be still necessary to prevent the prevalence of this infection factor and economic losses.
Abstract: Infections by protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are prevalent worldwide in animals and human. T. gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections to humans and domestic animals. If first be during pregnancy, T. gondii may be transferred vertically by tachyzoites that are passed to the embryo via the ...
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Characteristics of Households and Indigenous Chicken Consumption in N'Djamena (Chad)
Issa Youssouf Adoum,
Mopate Logtene Youssouf,
Vounparet Zeuh,
Ayssiwede Simplice Bosco,
Bada Algom Oumar,
Adam Bakhit Mustapha,
Ardjoun Khalil Djalal,
Missohou Ayao
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
106-112
Received:
21 May 2015
Accepted:
29 May 2015
Published:
17 June 2015
Abstract: The objective of the study was to analyze the home consumption of local chickens in N'Djamena. It was conducted using a crosscutting and retrospective survey of a purposive sample per a quota of 250 households in 10 districts of the city. The heads of household surveyed are in average 41.5±9.4 years old and led families made up of 9.6±4.9 persons. The majority of respondents (94.4%) were married and educated (78.8%) at different levels. Employees were the majority (68%). The majority of households (62%) had an average monthly income ranging from less than 50,000 F CFA to 150,000 F CFA and about 82% of households spend in average 25,000 to 75,000 F CFA for food per month. Indigenous chicken is consumed during parties (32.3%), Christian festivals (38.0%) and visits by VIPs (39.7%). Most respondents (71%) had a monthly consumption frequency ranging from 2 times (45.6%) or 3 times (25.2%). Households headed by women consumed an average 2.01 chickens as against 1.78 heads for households led by men (p > 0.05). All respondents (100%) stated having a preference for indigenous chicken. Taste and price are considered as the main determinants of indigenous chicken consumption in households in N'Djamena.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to analyze the home consumption of local chickens in N'Djamena. It was conducted using a crosscutting and retrospective survey of a purposive sample per a quota of 250 households in 10 districts of the city. The heads of household surveyed are in average 41.5±9.4 years old and led families made up of 9.6±4.9 persons. ...
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Antioxidant Effect of L-carnitine in Rats Fed Cholesterol Rich Diet
Ercan Keskin,
Deniz Uluisik,
Mehmet Altin
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
113-116
Received:
9 June 2015
Accepted:
26 June 2015
Published:
7 July 2015
Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the effects of L-carnitine on antioxidant enzymes in rats fed cholesterol rich diet. A total of 32 healthy male Wistar Albino rats were allocated to four groups. Animals of the first group were fed standard rat pellets, animals of the second group were fed standard rat pellets that contained 7.5 % cholesterol powder, animals of the third group were fed standard rat pellets and water contained 75 mg/l L-carnitine while those of the forth group were fed standard rat pellets that contained 7.5 % cholesterol and water that contained 75 mg/l L-carnitine for 40 days. On the 40 th day of the study, blood samples were taken from all animals and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined. The results showed that feeding with high cholesterol diet resulted significantly increase in TBARS level and decreases in GSH, SOD, GPx levels when compared to control group (p<0.05). L-carnitine addition to the high cholesterol diet significantly decreased in TBARS level and increased in GSH, SOD levels compared to cholesterol group (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results showed L-carnitine may be useful an antioxidant in hypercholesterolemic condition.
Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the effects of L-carnitine on antioxidant enzymes in rats fed cholesterol rich diet. A total of 32 healthy male Wistar Albino rats were allocated to four groups. Animals of the first group were fed standard rat pellets, animals of the second group were fed standard rat pellets that contained 7.5 % cholesterol powd...
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Effects of L-Carnitine on Liver Enzymes in Rats Fed Cholesterol Rich Diet
Ercan Keskin,
Deniz Uluisik,
Mehmet Altin
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
117-119
Received:
9 June 2015
Accepted:
29 June 2015
Published:
8 July 2015
Abstract: L-carnitine is essential for energy production and fatty acid metabolism. This study was designed to evaluate effects of L-carnitine on liver enzymes in rats fed cholesterol rich diet. Thirty two healthy male Wistar Albino rats were divided to four groups as Control (K), Cholesterol (C), L-carnitine (L) and L-carnitine+cholesterol (LC). All rats were kept in individual cages during the experiment for 40 days. K group was fed standard rat pellets ad libitum, C group was fed standard rat pellets containing 7.5 % cholesterol powder, L group was fed standard rat pellets and water containing 75 mg/l L-carnitine and LC group was fed standard rat pellets containing 7.5% cholesterol and water containing 75 mg/l L-carnitine. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken from all animals in order to determine aspartase transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)levels. AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT levels significantly increased in C group compared to K group (p<0.05). In LC group, AST, ALT, ALP levels significantly decreased compared with the C group (p<0.05). Although GGT level in LC group was decreased, the change was not different from C group. These results indicate that L-carnitine may prevent liver damage caused by high cholesterol diet in rats.
Abstract: L-carnitine is essential for energy production and fatty acid metabolism. This study was designed to evaluate effects of L-carnitine on liver enzymes in rats fed cholesterol rich diet. Thirty two healthy male Wistar Albino rats were divided to four groups as Control (K), Cholesterol (C), L-carnitine (L) and L-carnitine+cholesterol (LC). All rats we...
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Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats
Saghir Ahmad,
Zahida Tasawar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
120-124
Received:
16 May 2015
Accepted:
1 June 2015
Published:
14 July 2015
Abstract: Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease found all over the world in all the mammalian and avian species. We conceived the hypothesis that the infection might be affected by the various factor differing in various habitats. The present study was conducted to evaluate our hypothesis by investigating the rates if infections different flocks of small ruminants populated in various localities with varied ecological conditions in southernmost part of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Method: The blood samples collected from mixed farms of sheep and goats were examined by Latex Agglutination Test to detect rates of seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Statistical analyses were applied to ascertain the correlation between habitat variations and rates of toxoplasmosis in three distinct regions of study area including sand dunes of Cholistan desert, Agricultural Region and Marshy areas. Results: The total infection rates collectively found in small ruminants were 31.41%. The incidence rates of Toxoplasma infection in small ruminants were 38.1%, 32.1% and 14.5% in animals reared in Agricultural Region, Riverside region and Sand Dunes region of Cholistan correspondingly. Conclusions: The results showed the varied rates of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants in various habitats in the study area. Furthermore, the overall higher occurrence of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants underlined the threat of zoonotic transmission of infection to human.
Abstract: Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease found all over the world in all the mammalian and avian species. We conceived the hypothesis that the infection might be affected by the various factor differing in various habitats. The present study was conducted to evaluate our hypothesis by investigating the rates if infections different flocks...
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An Eight Year Retrospective Study on the Prevalence of Hernias in Large Animals at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Fadason Samuel Tanko,
Ameh Veronica Odinya,
Andrew Augustine,
Remi-Adewunmi Bola Dupe,
Usman Bala,
Kwanashie Garba,
Okaiyeto Solomon Olu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
125-127
Received:
31 July 2013
Accepted:
29 April 2015
Published:
17 July 2015
Abstract: Records of animals presented to Large Animal Clinic of Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ahmadu Bello University Zaria (VTHABU) from 2002-2009 were studied and analyzed to evaluate the occurrence and management of hernias presented to the clinic. A total of one thousand five hundred and ninety- five (1,595) cases were presented during the period under review. Three hundred and ten (19.4%) of these cases were treated surgically while 1,285 (80.6%) were medical cases. One hundred and ninety seven (63.5%) of the surgeries were in females, and 113 (36.5%) in males. Out of these, a total of 16 (1%) cases of hernia were presented. Thirteen (81.25%) were ventral abdominal hernias and 3 (18.75%) scrotal hernias. Eight (50%) of the hernia cases were in females and 8 (50%) in males. More hernia cases (68.75%) were recorded in ovine, while 8.75% cases were recorded in bovine and 12.5% in caprine. No case of hernia was recorded in equine and porcine. During this period, diagnoses of hernia were based on physical examination and all the cases were managed surgically by herniorrhaphy.
Abstract: Records of animals presented to Large Animal Clinic of Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ahmadu Bello University Zaria (VTHABU) from 2002-2009 were studied and analyzed to evaluate the occurrence and management of hernias presented to the clinic. A total of one thousand five hundred and ninety- five (1,595) cases were presented during the period under r...
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