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Research Article
The Cyclical Relationship of Growth and Distribution, Social Conflict, and Realization of Social Values
Bark Soon Il*,
Kang Ku Young
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-13
Received:
2 September 2025
Accepted:
24 December 2025
Published:
19 January 2026
Abstract: The virtuous and vicious cycle between economic growth and income distribution has been discussed for a long time. Especially, Korea, which has been divided into south and north Korea, has experienced serious ideological conflicts last several decades during the unprecedentedly rapid economic development since 1960s. Barro (2000) and others recently assert the inverted U-shaped hypothesis of Simon Kuznets between the two. This paper suggests the possibility of a ‘U’-shape relationship between growth and distribution is empirically estimated with recent OECD data which means more advanced countries to be represented than before. And a cyclical relationship is also assumed in the long-term changes of the Gini coefficient by income level, because Kuznets’ inverted ‘U’ hypothesis is also presumed to be appropriate in developing or less developed countries. This paper also emphasizes that social conflict between proponents for the two is unavoidable and thus we need a model to maximize national happiness to reduce the conflict by exchanging compensation values between losers and gainers using big data and AI technology. The AI technology seems to take very important role to find such social values in conflicting issues particularly complicated by political ideologies, because politicians have used to distort reasonable resources distribution, shrink growth potentiality and threaten the prosperity of the future generation.
Abstract: The virtuous and vicious cycle between economic growth and income distribution has been discussed for a long time. Especially, Korea, which has been divided into south and north Korea, has experienced serious ideological conflicts last several decades during the unprecedentedly rapid economic development since 1960s. Barro (2000) and others recentl...
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Research Article
How AI Is Rewriting the Rules of Internationalization
Marja-Liisa Tenhunen*
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
14-21
Received:
2 February 2026
Accepted:
12 February 2026
Published:
9 March 2026
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating the global competition for highly skilled human capital, fundamentally reshaping the economic function of universities and redefining the strategic purpose of higher education internationalization. In this context, internationalization is no longer limited to cross-border student mobility but operates as a structural mechanism influencing national AI capacity, innovation performance, and long-term competitiveness. This article investigates how universities function as institutional platforms for AI talent formation, attraction, circulation, and retention, and how different internationalization models affect national outcomes in the emerging AI-driven economy. The study employs a qualitative comparative case study design, drawing on policy frameworks, higher education governance structures, research investment patterns, and international partnership strategies in selected Nordic countries and Romania. The comparative analysis enables the identification of structural differences in talent governance regimes and their measurable implications for innovation capacity and knowledge retention. The empirical findings demonstrate that coordinated higher education systems characterized by sustained public investment in research infrastructure, policy coherence, and strategically embedded international partnerships are significantly more effective in converting global AI talent mobility into domestic innovation output and long-term economic value creation. By contrast, fragmented governance arrangements and reactive internationalization strategies are associated with persistent outward mobility of AI-skilled graduates, weaker institutional research ecosystems, and limited returns on public investment in advanced digital education. Building on these findings, the article conceptualizes internationalization as a strategic instrument of AI talent governance within national innovation systems. It contributes to the economics of innovation and higher education by linking university internationalization strategies to AI competitiveness and offers policy-relevant guidance for countries seeking to strengthen their position in the global AI landscape.
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating the global competition for highly skilled human capital, fundamentally reshaping the economic function of universities and redefining the strategic purpose of higher education internationalization. In this context, internationalization is no longer limited to cross-border student mobility but operates as...
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Research Article
Role of Government Procurement Policies on Food Grain Inflation in India: A Long-Term Analysis
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
22-28
Received:
21 February 2026
Accepted:
9 March 2026
Published:
23 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.eco.20261501.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Procurement policies of Government of India, primarily through the implementation of Minimum Support Price (MSP) and through the working of the Food Corporation of India (FCI), occupy a significant role in the food-grain markets in India. The important objectives of these policies are to ensuring price stability, food security, and economic welfare through reasonable payment to the farmers. However, these policies also have comprehensive effects for market prices, local production patterns, and fiscal sustainability. This study examines the dynamic relationship between Minimum Support Price (MSP), government procurement, buffer stock, and fluctuations in food-grain prices in India over the period of 1994 to 2023. The study uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for the purpose. The analysis employs annual data on food grain price inflation, MSP, procurement quantity, and buffer stock levels for evaluating both short-run and long-run effects. The results confirm that there exist a stable long-run cointegrating relationship among these variables. Empirical findings show that increases in MSP significantly increase food grain inflation in both short and long runs, indicating a strong cost-push effect. Conversely, higher levels of procurement and buffer stock, particularly with lagged effects, show an inflation-dampening tendencies. The error correction term in the model is negative and statistically significant, showing a rapid adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. These results highlight the importance of a balanced policy management. Although, MSP plays an important role in ensuring farm income stability, unrestricted increases may intensify inflationary pressures. Strengthening procurement processes and well-organized buffer stock management are vital to justifying price volatility and ensuring food price stability in India.
Abstract: Procurement policies of Government of India, primarily through the implementation of Minimum Support Price (MSP) and through the working of the Food Corporation of India (FCI), occupy a significant role in the food-grain markets in India. The important objectives of these policies are to ensuring price stability, food security, and economic welfare...
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