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Comparison of the Nutritional Status and Infant Feeding Practices Between Selected Rural and Urban Areas in Bangladesh
Abul Kashem Obidul Huq,
Nezamul Haque,
Farhana Akther,
Sonia Zebsyn,
Jasmin Ara Farhana,
Sardar Mohammad Golam Moktadir
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
167-171
Received:
28 June 2017
Accepted:
7 July 2017
Published:
4 August 2017
Abstract: The study was cross sectional design and carried out among 122 mother-infant pairs of the urban and rural areas in Tangail district, Bangladesh, aimed at the comparison of infant feeding practices and nutritional status of the rural and urban areas. There was a significant difference observed in their educational level (urban graduate 44.3% compared to rural graduate 2.4%), total monthly income and expenditure on food and non-food items. The mean monthly income of urban and rural family were 34508.19±8227.67 TK. and 6422.95±1756.23 TK. respectively. Similarly monthly expenditure on foods of urban and rural family were 13090.16±2348.53 TK. and 4498.36±1394.76 TK. respectively. Colostrum feeding immediately after birth was higher in urban areas (75.4%) compared to rural (47.5%). Moreover, rural mother prefers to give honey and sugar water. In urban areas breast feeding initiated within 1 hour, but in rural areas it was given within 12 hours after birth. Urban mother provided powder milk (49.18%) as first complementary foods, in contrast, rural mothers provided mainly cow’s milk, hotchpotch made with vegetables and rice/cereal based products. Rural mother continued breast feeding practice for longer period of time than urban mothers. Majority of the urban mothers prefer egg, soup or fruits for their babies, while the rural people choices mainly the rice-potato, pulses or vegetables. The anthropometric indices shows that nutritional status of the urban infants was better than rural infants. The prevalence of moderate to severe underweight is higher in rural areas (59.01%) when compared to urban areas (18.03%). Again, moderate to severe stunted and wasted in rural areas found 39.34% & 37.69% and in urban areas 21.31% & 13.11% respectively.
Abstract: The study was cross sectional design and carried out among 122 mother-infant pairs of the urban and rural areas in Tangail district, Bangladesh, aimed at the comparison of infant feeding practices and nutritional status of the rural and urban areas. There was a significant difference observed in their educational level (urban graduate 44.3% compare...
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Agricultural Extension in Promoting Household Nutritional Security– Relevant Success Stories
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
172-178
Received:
14 July 2017
Accepted:
25 July 2017
Published:
4 August 2017
Abstract: Over 7000 people die of hunger every day. Close to 70% of women and children suffer from hidden hunger. Most vulnerable sections are adolescent girls, pregnant & lactating mothers, and underweight children under five age. Malnutrition is both a driver and an outcome of poverty and inequality. Under nutrition leading to stunting causes irreversible damage to both individuals and society. Obesity in childhood is a growing problem in all regions. Ensuring universal access to nutritious food in the 1000-day window of opportunity between the start of pregnancy and a child’s second birthday is essential to tackling stunting. This should be supported by a multi-sectoral approach which includes health care, water, sanitation, education, agriculture, social protection and specific nutrition interventions. Intervention of various technologies to improve the food & nutritional status of the population proved the following facts: Promotion of malt based small scale food industry not only provides opportunity for rural women to develop entrepreneurship and employment, but also provides food and nutritional security through income generation. Several technologies were developed under NATP like value addition to fish & prawn products, artificial pearl culture, processing of salted fish, which helped the self help group women of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu to improve their economic status. Received two patents & licensed the technology which helped the women to reduce their drudgery and also preserve the fresh fish for a longer time without getting spoiled. Product development can be taken as income generating activity in the rural areas by the illiterate women. Products can be included in supplementary feeding programs in order to improve the nutritional status of the vulnerable groups of the population. The horse gram which is commonly used for cattle feed can be diversified for human consumption with less investment. Mothers as well as Anganwadi workers preferred amylase rich supplementary foods which reduced Grade 111 and grade 1V malnutrition in Pre- school children significantly. The studies revealed that spawn multiplication can be done by women as a co-operative venture and mushroom cultivation can be undertaken at household level as an income-generating activity. Introducing red palm oil is beneficial to overcome vitamin A deficiency. Impact of women’s supplementary income showed a positive impact on the socioeconomic status of the family. This impact is particularly felt on the food and nutrient intake of the family contributing towards food & Nutrition security.
Abstract: Over 7000 people die of hunger every day. Close to 70% of women and children suffer from hidden hunger. Most vulnerable sections are adolescent girls, pregnant & lactating mothers, and underweight children under five age. Malnutrition is both a driver and an outcome of poverty and inequality. Under nutrition leading to stunting causes irreversible ...
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Introduction and Safety Evaluation of Citrinin in Foods
Wang Huiqin,
Zhang Shufen,
Lin Taifeng,
Zheng Dawei
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
179-183
Received:
7 August 2017
Published:
7 August 2017
Abstract: Citrinin is a kind of mycotoxin, which is produced during Monascus fermentation to produce Monascus Pigments. Studies have shown that citrinin has certain nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, which can cause tumor, induce mutation and so on. The pretreatment of samples was carried out by ultrasonic assisted extraction centrifugal separation and nitrogen blowing concentration, and HPLC with fluorescence detection was used to detect 4 types samples of food raw materials including Monascus food additives (a total of 57 samples). The results showed that citrinin was 23 positive and the positive rate was 40.4% (Below the detection limit is negative, opposite positive). The pollution level reached 0.096~0.24 mg/kg and the average pollution level is 0.16 mg/kg. The problem of citrinin should be paid enough attention to in the Monascus production industry, and it may be possible to solve the problem of citrinin in Monascus by biological, physical or chemical methods.
Abstract: Citrinin is a kind of mycotoxin, which is produced during Monascus fermentation to produce Monascus Pigments. Studies have shown that citrinin has certain nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, which can cause tumor, induce mutation and so on. The pretreatment of samples was carried out by ultrasonic assisted extraction centrifugal separation and nitro...
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Study on the Effect of Several Natural Products on Tyrosine Damage Induced by Peroxynitrite
Xiaoyu Tang,
Anqi Wei,
Yan Wang,
Yunjing Luo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
184-191
Received:
7 August 2017
Published:
7 August 2017
Abstract: Peroxynitrite (ONOOˉ), a powerful oxidant, is produced by nitric oxide (NO.) and superoxide anion (O2.ˉ). Under the physiological condition, the ONOOˉ could oxidize the lipids, nitrifyproteins, damage DNA and others biomolecules, thereby harm human health. The study used natural products Capsanthin, Myricetin and Capsaicin as the research object and controlled with Vc, and developed the method of HPLC-DAD to separate the components of nitrification damage system, which could determine the inhibition rate of natural products on the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). The fluorescence spectrometry was employed to determine the ability of these substances to inhibit tyrosine dimer and inhibit the self-oxidation of phthalate. The results showed that Capsanthin, Myricetin and Capsaicin had strong inhibitory effect on the generation capacity of 3-NT and tyrosine dimer, and strong inhibitory effect on the self-oxidation of phthalate.
Abstract: Peroxynitrite (ONOOˉ), a powerful oxidant, is produced by nitric oxide (NO.) and superoxide anion (O2.ˉ). Under the physiological condition, the ONOOˉ could oxidize the lipids, nitrifyproteins, damage DNA and others biomolecules, thereby harm human health. The study used natural products Capsanthin, Myricetin and Capsaicin as the research object an...
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Effects of Traditional Processing Methods on the Mineral and Antinutrients of Fresh and Squeezed-Washed Bitter Leaf
Agomuo Jude Kelechi,
Okache Thomas Akobi,
Taiwo Mayomi,
Anamege Lynda Chioma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
192-197
Received:
25 April 2017
Accepted:
4 May 2017
Published:
24 October 2017
Abstract: Bitter Leaf is a vegetable that is widely consumed and cherished in South-Eastern Nigeria. Palm oil, Potash, Salt and boiling process was used in the squeeze-washing at 3 pre-processing methods of squeeze-wash and periods of 3 to 8 minutes. The percentage retention and losses of mineral and antinutrient increased simultaneously during squeeze-washing. Copper, magnesium, calcium and antinutrient had retention of 55 to 100% for samples squeezed-washed with palm oil than the other squeeze- washed samples. This could be due to rigidity of the cells which did not allow much nutrient leached into the squeezed leaf/water; whereas, the loss of mineral and antinutrients was practically of the same magnitude (27.3 to 80.5%) in all the samples. Loss of minerals and antinutrients was observed to be influenced directly by the cause-and-effect of disintegration changes which usually leads to softening due to the severity of the squeeze-washing on the bitter leaf instead of cellular composition or level of minerals and antinurients initially present. The results are discussed in relation to traditional commercial practice of bitter leaf processing.
Abstract: Bitter Leaf is a vegetable that is widely consumed and cherished in South-Eastern Nigeria. Palm oil, Potash, Salt and boiling process was used in the squeeze-washing at 3 pre-processing methods of squeeze-wash and periods of 3 to 8 minutes. The percentage retention and losses of mineral and antinutrient increased simultaneously during squeeze-washi...
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Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Some Plants Used in Ethnomedicine in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Mercy Gospel Ajuru,
Light Femi Williams,
Gospel Ajuru
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
198-205
Received:
29 April 2017
Accepted:
10 May 2017
Published:
24 October 2017
Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of six plants used in ethnomedicine in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was carried out to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds present in these highly medicinal plants. The plants studied were Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn, Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., Senna occidentalis L., Piper nigrum L., Ageratum conyzoides L. and Gongronema latifolium Benth. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves of the plant species were screened for the presence of alkaloid, anthraquinone, coumarin, flavonoid, phenol, quinone, saponin, tannin, sugar and glycoside and quantitative study was also carried out using Standard method. Qualitative study indicated the presence of all the phytochemicals in the ethanolic extracts of P. amarus and E. heterophylla, and absence of anthraquinone in S. occidentalis, P. nigrum, A. conyzoides and G. latifolium. Also, absence of coumarin in S. occidentalis, and phenol in G. latifolium. The aqueous extract indicated the presence of all the phytochemicals in A. conyzoides and presence of alkaloid, tannin, sugar and glycoside in other plant species studied. Quantitative analysis showed variable amounts of pharmacologically important secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoid, saponins and phenol in all the plants investigated. The different phytochemicals are shown to perform different biological activities in humans and animals. These compounds can be harnessed for industrial and pharmaceutical utilization.
Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of six plants used in ethnomedicine in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was carried out to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds present in these highly medicinal plants. The plants studied were Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn, Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., Senna occidentalis L., Pipe...
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Use of the Ruminal Content of Cattle Benefited in the Municipality Píritu, State Falcón-Venezuela, as a Food Resource
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
206-210
Received:
10 May 2017
Accepted:
20 May 2017
Published:
24 October 2017
Abstract: In recent years, the use of ruminal content has been booming in the preparation of different formulations and presentations for animal feed, either by using it directly or by processing it to obtain various commercial products. Within these products, can be mentioned, in special form, the Forage Flour (HF) and the nutritional blocks. Not to mention that in some abattoirs, the ruminal content is used in vermicultura. The main objective of this research is to evaluate ruminal content as an integrated dietary resource for milk and meat animals, analyzing their chemical composition and nutritional value. By means of simple random sampling, using International physical-chemical determination methods such as the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) and national in Venezuela, as the covenin standard, establishing an average composition for ruminal flour of 17.11% ash, 8.72% humidity, 21.29% fiber and 6.77% protein.
Abstract: In recent years, the use of ruminal content has been booming in the preparation of different formulations and presentations for animal feed, either by using it directly or by processing it to obtain various commercial products. Within these products, can be mentioned, in special form, the Forage Flour (HF) and the nutritional blocks. Not to mention...
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