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Differential Inhibition of the Rhythm and Amplitude of Acetylcholine-Dependent Contraction in the Murine Jejunum and Ileum In Vitro by Thiamin and Quinine
Atsuko Yamashita,
Nana Shimamoto,
Kyoko Morita,
Hasumi Sugiyama,
Shiho Tadakuma,
Maki Kato,
Mari Kimoto,
Kazuo Toda,
Masato Ota
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
115-122
Received:
5 July 2018
Accepted:
16 July 2018
Published:
22 October 2018
Abstract: Previously, the effects of several bitter substances have been investigated in the contraction of the murine jejunum and ileum, reporting that these independently suppress the rhythm generation of the interstitial cells of Cajal. Recently, it was reported that thiamin, which binds to a bitter taste receptor, modifies the early phase of the ileum contraction, whereas the physiological effects on the rhythm and amplitude of jejunum and ileum contractions remain unclear. In this study, it was investigated the physiological effects of thiamin and quinine on the in vitro contraction of the murine jejunum and ileum using mice for all experiments. the periodic contraction of the jejunum was observed before the administration of acetylcholine (Ach) and other substances, and the tonic amplitudes induced by the substances. These bitter substances variably affect the Ach-induced rhythmic contraction of the jejunum and ileum in vitro. In addition, quinine hydrochloride (Qui) and thiamin hydrochloride (Thi) variably affect the Ach-induced rhythmic contraction of the jejunum and ileum in vitro. Both Qui and Thi markedly increase the rhythmic contraction in the jejunum. Although Thi does not change the rhythmic contraction in the ileum, it gradually reduces the amplitude in the jejunum. Conversely, Qui gradually reduces the amplitude and almost inhibits the contraction in the jejunum. Furthermore, an antagonist of the adrenalin-beta3 receptor, SR59230A, enhances the Qui-induced inhibition of the contraction in the jejunum.
Abstract: Previously, the effects of several bitter substances have been investigated in the contraction of the murine jejunum and ileum, reporting that these independently suppress the rhythm generation of the interstitial cells of Cajal. Recently, it was reported that thiamin, which binds to a bitter taste receptor, modifies the early phase of the ileum co...
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Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania
Ejike Daniel Eze,
Ambrose Barasa,
Moses Dele Adams,
Karimah Mohammed Rabiu,
Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua,
Iliya Ezekiel,
Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola,
Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
123-128
Received:
9 September 2018
Accepted:
28 September 2018
Published:
6 November 2018
Abstract: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is common in children under 5 years of age in the developing countries and even the developed countries. Young children are the most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, infection and disability, all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human resource development of the nation as a whole. The prevalence of PEM in the children under five years of age has been shown not to witness a great improvement in Tanzania. It even increased in some districts including Kigoma District. Thus, this research was designed to assess the factors contributing to the high prevalence of PEM in children under 5 years of age in Kigoma District Hospital of Tanzania. This study was a cross-sectional study that involved randomly selected 100 women, who had children under 5 years of age. The women and their children were assessed for their nutritional status and the factors that affect the nutritional status. The results showed a high prevalence of PEM in the children under 5 years of age as shown by the clinical symptoms such as poor weight gain, slowed linear growth, behavioral changes, anemia, muscle wasting, peripheral edema, glossitis, cheilosis, sparse hair and nail spooning. The poor socioeconomic status that might have resulted from poverty was also indicated. The high prevalence of PEM in Kigoma District could be due to infections and low educational status of the mother resulting in poor nutritional status of their children.
Abstract: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is common in children under 5 years of age in the developing countries and even the developed countries. Young children are the most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, infection and disability, all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human...
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Telomere Length of Multiple Dietary Supplement Users - A Cross-sectional Study in Comparison with Age-matched Controls
Hong Wang,
Bruce Paul Daggy,
Jamie Francine McManus,
Les G Wong
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
129-134
Received:
10 October 2018
Accepted:
2 November 2018
Published:
26 November 2018
Abstract: Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap chromosomal ends to promote chromosomal stability. Telomere length has been associated with diet and nutrition and inversely associated with mortality, life stress, and diseases. The objective of the current study was to explore the effect of long-term intake of multiple dietary supplements on telomere length in adults compared with age-matched controls. Salivary telomere lengths were determined from a group of heavy supplement users (HSU group; n=81; 20 males and 61 females age 30-79), the majority of whom took > 12 different supplements daily at least 4 days per week for at least 5 years, compared to a population of relatively healthy, non-smoking, age-matched subjects in the San Francisco Bay Area (control group; n=323; 146 males and 177 females) who took ≤ 3 different supplements daily. Telomere lengths were measured by quantitative PCR to determine the telomere-to-single copy gene (T/S) ratio and were compared between groups that were age-matched by decade from 30 to 79. There was an age effect (p≤0.05) and a significant difference between groups (p≤0.001). The HSU group had significantly longer telomere length in the 50s, 60s, and 70s age groups (p ≤0.01, 0.001, 0.01 respectively). Routine clinical blood chemistry biomarkers (glucose, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, renal function and CRP) in both groups were all within the normal ranges. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that heavy dietary supplementation may attenuate telomere shortening compared to an age-matched control group. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore the potential association between nutritional supplementation, healthy aging and the reduced rate of telomere shortening.
Abstract: Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap chromosomal ends to promote chromosomal stability. Telomere length has been associated with diet and nutrition and inversely associated with mortality, life stress, and diseases. The objective of the current study was to explore the effect of long-term intake of multiple dietary supplements on telomere l...
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