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Weed Identification in Sugarcane Plantation Through Images Taken from Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) and kNN Classifier
Inacio Henrique Yano,
Nelson Felipe Oliveros Mesa,
Wesley Esdras Santiago,
Rosa Helena Aguiar,
Barbara Teruel
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
211-216
Received:
19 September 2017
Accepted:
30 September 2017
Published:
6 November 2017
Abstract: The sugarcane is one of the most important crops in Brazil, the world´s largest sugar producer and the second largest ethanol producer. The presence of weeds in the sugarcane plantation can cause losses up to 90% of the production, caused by the competition for light, water and nutrients, between the crop and the weeds. Usually sugarcane plantations occupy large fields, and due to this, the weeds control is mostly chemical, which is more practical and cheaper than mechanical control. In the chemical control, the dosage and type of herbicides has been calculated by sampling, which causes problems of waste and misapplication of herbicides, since the degree of infestation may be variant from one location to another, as well as the species presents in the plantation. In order to avoid unnecessary waste in the herbicides application, there are some studies about weed identification using images taken from satellites, solution that have proved to have the advantage of covering the whole plantation, solving the problems of sample surveying, nevertheless, this method its dependent of a high weed density to ensure a good pattern recognition and its affected by the influence of clouds in the imagery quality. This work proposes a system for weed identification based on pattern recognition in imagery taken from a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). The RPA is able to fly at low altitude, so it is possible to take images closer to the plants and make the weed identification even in low infestation levels. In an initial evaluation, the system reached an overall accuracy of 83.1% and kappa coefficient of 0.775, using k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) classifier.
Abstract: The sugarcane is one of the most important crops in Brazil, the world´s largest sugar producer and the second largest ethanol producer. The presence of weeds in the sugarcane plantation can cause losses up to 90% of the production, caused by the competition for light, water and nutrients, between the crop and the weeds. Usually sugarcane plantation...
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Ethnobotanical Survey of Wild Edible Plants and Their Contribution for Food Security Used by Gumuz People in Kamash Woreda; Benishangul Gumuz Regional State; Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
217-224
Received:
31 August 2017
Accepted:
23 September 2017
Published:
14 November 2017
Abstract: The aims of this study was documenting and assessing the utilization of the food plants used by the Gumuz community in western Ethiopia. Informants were sampled from selected kebeles randomly. Semi-structured interview, questionnaires, focus group discussion and field observations were tools of data collection. Descriptive statistics, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, and informant consensus were used to analyze the data. Total of 35 families, 49 genera with 60 species of wild edible plants were collected in the study area. Most of them are shrubs (36.67%) followed by trees and herbs with 28.33 % and 28.33% respectively. Oxythenantra abysinica was the most preferred species. Wild edible plants are threatened due to various human and natural causes. Thus, public awareness and community based management is need to be encouraged by government and Non Government Organizations at all levels.
Abstract: The aims of this study was documenting and assessing the utilization of the food plants used by the Gumuz community in western Ethiopia. Informants were sampled from selected kebeles randomly. Semi-structured interview, questionnaires, focus group discussion and field observations were tools of data collection. Descriptive statistics, preference ra...
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Selecting the Proper Generator for Steam or Gas Turbine Applications
Da Silva Jefferson Joeicemir
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
225-231
Received:
16 August 2017
Accepted:
28 September 2017
Published:
16 November 2017
Abstract: The aim of this article is to explore key aspects for a long-lasting and rentable generator. Its motivation comes from the fact that when selecting turbo-generators sets investors and engineers pave much more attention to the turbines details, but generators end up been choice as commodities and as result the whole generation system suffers from availability issues and less return on their investments. This analyse meant to provide insights about key elements to be observed selecting the proper generator, listing aspects that leverage return on investment and reduce total cost of ownership. Technical and commercial equilibrium are assumptions taken as basis for the study and the fundamental question about what are the key elements of a generator specification tried to be answered.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to explore key aspects for a long-lasting and rentable generator. Its motivation comes from the fact that when selecting turbo-generators sets investors and engineers pave much more attention to the turbines details, but generators end up been choice as commodities and as result the whole generation system suffers from av...
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Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Chemical Composition and Organoleptic Properties of African Nutmeg (Monodora myristica)
Ehirim Fidelis N.,
Onugha Fidelis C.,
Agomuo Jude K.
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
232-235
Received:
25 April 2017
Accepted:
12 May 2017
Published:
28 November 2017
Abstract: African Nutmeg seeds were subjected to three different processing methods to produce flour. The different processing methods were roasting, boiling, and boiling/roasting. The samples were subjected to proximate, minerals antinutrients and organoleptic evaluations using standard methods. The proximate composition is as follows protein 12.71-14.78%, Ash 2.91-3.85%, moisture 8.78-9.55%, fat 9.37-14.83%, Fiber 4.35-4.93% and carbohydrate 53.80-61.71%. The highest value for the crude protein, fiber and ash were recorded for roasted African nutmeg. The mineral composition analysed were phosphorus, iron, zinc, sodium, calcium and magnesium. All the data obtained were significantly different with the processing methods used and the control samples (raw) at p < 0.05. All the determined antinutrient (Alkaloid, oxalate, tannin and phytate) decreased with boiling. The organoleptic evaluation revealed no significant difference in appearance and texture of the raw, roasted, boiled and boiled/roasted cake spiced with African nutmeg. The highest scores for the attributes studied were recorded for cakes spiced with boiled African nutmeg and the boiled sample was most significantly preferred (p < 0.05). This work showed that acceptable cake could be produced using the different processing methods with boiling giving better results in terms of organoleptic evaluation of the cake.
Abstract: African Nutmeg seeds were subjected to three different processing methods to produce flour. The different processing methods were roasting, boiling, and boiling/roasting. The samples were subjected to proximate, minerals antinutrients and organoleptic evaluations using standard methods. The proximate composition is as follows protein 12.71-14.78%, ...
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Milling and Physical Characteristics of Pigmented Rice Varieties
Saravanan Ponnappan,
Arun Thangavel,
Omprakash Sahu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
236-241
Received:
11 May 2017
Accepted:
27 July 2017
Published:
30 November 2017
Abstract: In the present study, four different pigmented rice varieties, namely glutinous white rice, black rice and two red rice varieties (TPS-1 and TKM-9) were evaluated for various quality aspects in terms of milling and physical characteristics such as hulling percentage, milling percentage, whole kernel recovery, milling loss, thousand grain weight, grain volume, bulk density, true density, grain length, grain width and L/B ratio. Among the four rice varieties TPS-1 had the highest hulling percentage, milling percentage, whole kernel recovery percentage. While as, glutinous white rice had the lowest milling loss. Thousand grain weight, grain volume was higher in glutinous white rice variety. Bulk density and true density were found to be highest for glutinous white rice followed by TPS-1, TKM-9 and black rice. Milling characteristic in terms of hulling percentage, milling percentage, whole kernel recovery and milling loss showed significant difference between the varieties. L/B ratio was found to be highest for glutinous white rice followed by TPS-1, TKM-9 and black rice variety. Grain length and grain width observed range from 5.38 – 6.38 mm and 1.90 – 2.24 mm.
Abstract: In the present study, four different pigmented rice varieties, namely glutinous white rice, black rice and two red rice varieties (TPS-1 and TKM-9) were evaluated for various quality aspects in terms of milling and physical characteristics such as hulling percentage, milling percentage, whole kernel recovery, milling loss, thousand grain weight, gr...
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