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Development and Validation of a B. E. A. N. Survey for College Students
Morgan F. Sowers,
Sarah E. Colby,
Chelsea L. Allison,
Wenjun Zhou
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
37-45
Received:
18 December 2017
Accepted:
17 January 2018
Published:
5 February 2018
Abstract: Background: College students often do not consume the recommended amounts of beans and legumes. To develop interventions aimed at improving the intake of beans and legumes in the college population, more information is needed on the behaviors, environment, attitudes, and nutrition knowledge (B. E. A. N.) of college students regarding beans. Validated tools to assess these bean-related constructs are currently lacking. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to 1). Gather preliminary qualitative information about bean-related constructs (Phase I); and 2). Create a valid and reliable survey tool to measure the B. E. A. N. constructs with a larger sample of college students (Phase II). Methods: Phase I included cognitive interviews with university students (n = 30) to collect baseline data on the B. E. A. N. constructs. Phase II involved survey development and content validation with 5 content experts and face validation with 5 undergraduate students. A convenience sample of undergraduate students was surveyed to test internal structure and consistency (n = 355), establish convergent and discriminant evidence (n = 351), and measure test-retest reliability (n = 242) of the developed tool. Results: Development and revisions in Phase I and content and face validation resulted in a 13-question survey consisting of four primary constructs of behavior (4 items), environment (2 items), attitudes (5 items), and nutrition knowledge (2 items). In Phase II, factor analysis resulted in one factor of “bean consumption” being created from combining attitude and behavior questions, with factor loadings from .77 to .94. However, two environment and two knowledge questions were retained due to perceived relevancy. The internal consistency was α = 0.97 for the “bean consumption” construct (8 items) and α = 0.96 for the entire survey (12 items). The knowledge construct was validated by those that had taken an introductory nutrition course having significantly higher mean knowledge scores than those that had not taken an introductory nutrition course (p < 0.001; 3.05 ±.89 vs. 2.30 ± 1.62, respectively). The test-retest results ranged from r =.480 to .825 with all correlations being statistically significant (p < 0.01). The average total score for the pilot testing was 33.7 (± 27) out of a possible 100 points. Conclusion: This validated survey may be used in future research to examine the B. E. A. N. of college students regarding beans. This knowledge may be valuable in developing future effective health promotion interventions with college students.
Abstract: Background: College students often do not consume the recommended amounts of beans and legumes. To develop interventions aimed at improving the intake of beans and legumes in the college population, more information is needed on the behaviors, environment, attitudes, and nutrition knowledge (B. E. A. N.) of college students regarding beans. Validat...
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Maternal Disempowerment and Sever Food Insecurity as Determinants of Undernutrition Among 6-36 Month Old Children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Case-Control Study
Andamlak Dendir Egata,
Wakgari Deressa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
46-57
Received:
6 June 2016
Accepted:
13 July 2016
Published:
9 February 2018
Abstract: Globally, malnutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five year. The relative importance of each of the known risk factors of malnutrition including household food insecurity is likely to vary between settings. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, there is no sound empirical study that simultaneously investigates the relative importance of maternal disempowerment and food insecurity on the risk of undernutrition in 6 -36 month old children in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine role of maternal disempowerment and food insecurity on under nutrition in 6-36 month old children living in Gurage Zone. To achieve study objective, Hospital based unmatched case–control study was conducted among 6-36 month old children who visited to the selected health facility of Gurage zone. A total of 346 (116 cases and 232 controls) children were included in the study. Case participants were selected consecutively; control participants were selected by systematic sampling technique. Data were collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaire with anthropometric measurement instrument and entered into EPI data v 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS v 21. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated through simple and binary multiple logistic regressions model. The result showed that undernutrition among children was significantly associated with high maternal disempowerment [AOR 6.53 (2.77-15.34)] and severe food insecurity [AOR 2.79 (1.29.04)]. Generally, the study concluded that maternal disempowerment and severe food insecurity were independently associated with under nutrition among 6-36 month old children living in study area. Besides, Hence, enhancing the household food security and promoting mother to decide lonely or jointly with their husband on issue that affects their own self or child health, resource allocation and freedom of mobility is important to prevent under nutrition in 6-36 month old children.
Abstract: Globally, malnutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five year. The relative importance of each of the known risk factors of malnutrition including household food insecurity is likely to vary between settings. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, there is no sound empirical study tha...
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The Nutrition Waste Vegetables with Invitro Using Rumen Liquids for Feed
Murni,
Haryati,
Siti Aslamyah,
Herry Sonjaya
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
58-62
Received:
11 March 2018
Accepted:
24 March 2018
Published:
16 April 2018
Abstract: Rumen fluid has enormous potential in reducing fiber content; it can utilize in hydrolyzing vegetable waste containing cellulose. This study aims to analyze the nutrition of vegetable waste Invitro using rumen fluid. This research uses a factorial pattern with the complete randomized complete design. The first factor was the dosage of rumen fluid 1%, 2%, 3%, and the second element was four days, six days, eight days, ten days in the process of fermentation of vegetable waste. The results showed that fermentation of vegetable waste with rumen fluid dose, length of incubation time, and interaction were both significant (P <0.05) affecting crude fiber content and carbohydrate content of the vegetable waste. The single-acting dose of the rumen fluid, the incubation time of the vegetable waste, and the combination of both had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the crude fat content. The different rumen fluid dose treatment on the vegetable waste had a significant impact (p <0.05) to the crude protein content. But not the time of fermentation (p> 0.05) and the interaction of both (p> 0.05). The results concluded that to produce quality nutrition of vegetable waste should be fermented by using dose 3% rumen liquid and four days incubation.
Abstract: Rumen fluid has enormous potential in reducing fiber content; it can utilize in hydrolyzing vegetable waste containing cellulose. This study aims to analyze the nutrition of vegetable waste Invitro using rumen fluid. This research uses a factorial pattern with the complete randomized complete design. The first factor was the dosage of rumen fluid 1...
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A Study on Breast Feeding Practice of Mothers of Bangladesh: Perspective Dhaka City
Salim Raza,
Sabir Hossain,
M. Masihul Alam,
Abul Kashem Tang,
A. T. M. Mijanur Rahman,
Asad Ud-Daula
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
63-69
Received:
5 February 2018
Accepted:
25 February 2018
Published:
23 April 2018
Abstract: Breastfeeding practices of mother are effective way for reducing infant morbidity and mortality. Improper breastfeeding along with inadequate complementary feeding are the main reasons for malnutrition among the children in Bangladesh. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and find the breast feeding practice in selected areas of Dhaka city with respect to socio-economic and demographic condition. Here, 250 mothers and their 250 infants were considered to asses using a formative questionnaire. Within this sample size 129 (51.6%) were male infants and 121 (49.4%) were female infants respectively. This study found that the privilege of breast feeding practice progressively increases with the mother’s education that has been started from less than high school level (below 10 classes) to bachelor’s level or more than higher. In addition, this study found that about 84.8% lactating mothers have knowledge on what are colostrums. But surprisingly only 58% mothers gave colostrums to their infants. Furthermore, we found that the rate of exclusive breast feeding among three months and six months age infants were 51.2% and 27.2% respectively. Therefore, according to findings of this study it could be concluded that mothers in the Dhaka city should give more attention on breast feeding to her infants and subsequently prevent infant mortality and get a healthy child.
Abstract: Breastfeeding practices of mother are effective way for reducing infant morbidity and mortality. Improper breastfeeding along with inadequate complementary feeding are the main reasons for malnutrition among the children in Bangladesh. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and find the breast feeding practice in selected areas of Dhaka city...
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